tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-44640218384056416902024-03-12T22:18:37.119-07:00Sustainable Ag: A View from the FieldWelcome to our Ag Blog. Our field scouts will offer a unique ground-level perspective from the field to you as an independent field scout with the San Joaquin Sustainable Farming Project. Our mission is to promote sustainable farming systems throughout the Central Valley and provide you with the latest information about cotton, almond and alfalfa crops. From time to time, you'll also find guest posts from our project team and other contributors. This Blog is produced by Gilbert Mohtes-Chan.Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.comBlogger342125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-33504986662312469472018-11-02T20:19:00.000-07:002018-11-02T20:19:10.572-07:002018 Looking Like a Good Year for Valley Cotton, Alfalfa Crops<!--[if !mso]>
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With the harvest season heading for the back stretch in the Valley, cotton
growers are banking on 2018 to be a good year for their crops despite the cloud
hanging over the market because of the U.S.-China trade fight over tariffs.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTEfOjShQ6u19J_hY_ml2IbAD3a4BXIkQf1kJqndyC5ongULvRtrFeMNPDlwnpnNtJQ35f2Jy1NYS7yRxR-nJkL7VD3eVsVdp0LFo1vQNYURE8YlF_KuxRrgMxz2PcYF4-r7ORdv4vV14/s1600/Cotton+picker+2018.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTEfOjShQ6u19J_hY_ml2IbAD3a4BXIkQf1kJqndyC5ongULvRtrFeMNPDlwnpnNtJQ35f2Jy1NYS7yRxR-nJkL7VD3eVsVdp0LFo1vQNYURE8YlF_KuxRrgMxz2PcYF4-r7ORdv4vV14/s320/Cotton+picker+2018.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The cotton harvest is starting to wind down in the Valley.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Field scout Damien Jelen says growers couldn’t ask for better growing conditions
this year.<br />
“For cotton, this was the best year we have had in five years. Growers had
the water they needed. We had the weather we needed,” Damien says.<br />
<br />
“It was kind of brutal when we had so many over 100 degree days,” Damien
says.<br />
You might recall the Fresno region set a record for the most
consecutive days of 100-degree temperatures in July. Everyone endured 30
straight days of triple-digit weather through early August.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi96M3kpNF58bH7-rOssSlbiZ0Lnwyl531XuRlfXPmmxSUOdNSPjhHRRDxqbP2fg2OXB4STpg0hptUVNv0Y5yNDSoAv5eFDQjae7vXgmfLJTD_0sAUFq6PzgBQydnssOgAt0mbHK2vTl8c/s1600/Silver+Creek+gin+monitor+2018.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi96M3kpNF58bH7-rOssSlbiZ0Lnwyl531XuRlfXPmmxSUOdNSPjhHRRDxqbP2fg2OXB4STpg0hptUVNv0Y5yNDSoAv5eFDQjae7vXgmfLJTD_0sAUFq6PzgBQydnssOgAt0mbHK2vTl8c/s320/Silver+Creek+gin+monitor+2018.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gins are running 24/7 to process the freshly picked cotton.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
“But cotton loves the long 100 degree days,” Damien says. “You could see the
length in the nodes, which translates into a good yield.”<br />
<br />
Despite the hot summer, “the pests weren’t too bad. Last year we got
hammered with lygus bugs. This year lygus wasn’t much of a problem.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Aphids were not too bad either. I didn’t have
any growers with sticky cotton this year. With biological controls we took care
of the aphids,” Damien says.<br />
For now, growers will wait for reports from the ginner’s to really
find out about their cotton quality and production.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihW72s34P1EVf3-jwCjZwamB860XlmdlJ1SYk1Y-_FvSy6TBXYqJpvFb5Hw0pPbzUtj2FEVGlLwR6T2nu8urTXf6Ml5ABq_SJ3xZyKSxb1_JCGI0Fc2RXBFX0WYnvuGL9m6hlIO2Kixxo/s1600/Flatbeds+with+cotton+bales+2018.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihW72s34P1EVf3-jwCjZwamB860XlmdlJ1SYk1Y-_FvSy6TBXYqJpvFb5Hw0pPbzUtj2FEVGlLwR6T2nu8urTXf6Ml5ABq_SJ3xZyKSxb1_JCGI0Fc2RXBFX0WYnvuGL9m6hlIO2Kixxo/s320/Flatbeds+with+cotton+bales+2018.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flat beds with cotton bales ready to be stored in warehouses.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
On the market front, Roger Isom, president and chief executive officer of
the California Cotton Ginners and Growers Association, told the state Farm
Bureau’s AgAlert last week that cotton prices could be hurt because of trade
uncertainties and higher retaliatory tariffs China put on U.S. cotton. There’s
not much movement on cotton right now, he says.<br />
<br />
"Everybody keeps hoping that a solution is around the corner, but it
sure doesn't look like it right now," Isom tells AgAlert. "We're a
little luckier because it's not a perishable crop, but you can't just sit on it
forever. You've got to sell; you've got to pay bills."<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijcotlK_p9AO3ijUteFK4_er_PNII1A4OfNjzIt_xVBDXwfMZdh6jKK0faHX-H4KRxa2Ge8PqDYVlgFgoOBNjtB4sYLo95QKvYvdXWKf28mMAVjAsEeZGOuntFp8gzM-Ce0oHJ9-0RAEs/s1600/Random+Alfalfa+field+on+Road+9+being+picked+up+Apr+2013-d.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijcotlK_p9AO3ijUteFK4_er_PNII1A4OfNjzIt_xVBDXwfMZdh6jKK0faHX-H4KRxa2Ge8PqDYVlgFgoOBNjtB4sYLo95QKvYvdXWKf28mMAVjAsEeZGOuntFp8gzM-Ce0oHJ9-0RAEs/s320/Random+Alfalfa+field+on+Road+9+being+picked+up+Apr+2013-d.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alfalfa growers are squeezing in one more cutting.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Meanwhile, Valley alfalfa growers also anticipate a good 2018. “Everyone
is doing an extra cutting this fall. I saw a lot of growers with large bales.
Usually we have small bales this time of year. That means their yields are up,”
Damien said.<br />
<br />
Pests were under control for most of the year, except<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>
for a small spike in August. At the same time, there wasn’t much rain to hamper
the alfalfa crop.<br />
<br />
Overall, Damien says, “it was a great year for farming.”<br />
<br />Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-18196999473149243592018-10-29T20:51:00.001-07:002018-10-29T20:51:53.011-07:00Cotton Tour de Force IIThe Cotton Farm Tour offered lots of photo opportunities.<br />
<br />
Here are snapshots from the Silver Creek Gin in Firebaugh during last Thursday's tour.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihtOdDsBjeg49DqE6Zq_5dcMQCc2Q2sSC15C648R2G4ntnDKMRjCgKZrptihuE4LnWVpT_-IUdYsj5-JO3p3Qap5JbuEL3wZQzRi5reVhSAQ5WWjUoDK4M8jWj4v8Gb05RUJoaglu1sXQ/s1600/24+-+Gin+manager+tour+%252322.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihtOdDsBjeg49DqE6Zq_5dcMQCc2Q2sSC15C648R2G4ntnDKMRjCgKZrptihuE4LnWVpT_-IUdYsj5-JO3p3Qap5JbuEL3wZQzRi5reVhSAQ5WWjUoDK4M8jWj4v8Gb05RUJoaglu1sXQ/s320/24+-+Gin+manager+tour+%252322.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gin manager Greg Gillard gets ready to lead a tour of the gin.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrmI15THij0PWYiiRcxUnddKRq7yTYWK4n9eMgWGhLaq0sH26olbjv6B7Rce9HgsDAxCE7lwpO-zZDkvoi7kGxWQHLciV9wF_rWH74Zr2LtX7EtEv3VFowhTCdocoXyyaNF3J-jHdWMts/s1600/23+-+adiagram+of+ginning+process.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrmI15THij0PWYiiRcxUnddKRq7yTYWK4n9eMgWGhLaq0sH26olbjv6B7Rce9HgsDAxCE7lwpO-zZDkvoi7kGxWQHLciV9wF_rWH74Zr2LtX7EtEv3VFowhTCdocoXyyaNF3J-jHdWMts/s320/23+-+adiagram+of+ginning+process.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Diagram describes the cotton ginning process.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyveH_nomjMFwMJVz46UGROprLYR8mmRqkTfrDEypodjBHlZ-fkyfHBHA_ikiqyuYV8oF9bZME4gyByRVuoAPb1NB8VAdUN5tZK95Rxc633mhC7PnlFV0BRFO8Z-UkXh-FnwFO-DkhbqM/s1600/25+-+Safety+gear+for+gin+tour+%252321.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyveH_nomjMFwMJVz46UGROprLYR8mmRqkTfrDEypodjBHlZ-fkyfHBHA_ikiqyuYV8oF9bZME4gyByRVuoAPb1NB8VAdUN5tZK95Rxc633mhC7PnlFV0BRFO8Z-UkXh-FnwFO-DkhbqM/s320/25+-+Safety+gear+for+gin+tour+%252321.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sporting hard hats, ear plugs and safety goggles for the gin tour.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwK7KqZML3tvSICeKEAITf19SJ3VOVWeYAIEgW3ovbMgaHIvbofX0oRk7GEBbYKCsfKeXJhDU5dt9TyqAOtnBFV2CYMGY-hu7DbIuiA1tIiMm2Bz9F8pla8BhVm5XxfOYwu2L0X5NorT0/s1600/26+-+Touring+gin+%252322.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwK7KqZML3tvSICeKEAITf19SJ3VOVWeYAIEgW3ovbMgaHIvbofX0oRk7GEBbYKCsfKeXJhDU5dt9TyqAOtnBFV2CYMGY-hu7DbIuiA1tIiMm2Bz9F8pla8BhVm5XxfOYwu2L0X5NorT0/s320/26+-+Touring+gin+%252322.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inspecting cotton fiber going through the dryers.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8duz1OR4zxNWN9MDcMytmz64B0ikb7-4mxP-QyBd5jbXIWjjJr4oQ28g_KT5lCkUa4nX0tA99yKaOf5116YUpjEwyb3xYmMJVuurJqwiPeRddm7NkfUdH1XmW1pJRx8xUeWh4Ms7tM4k/s1600/27+-+posing+gin+%252323.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8duz1OR4zxNWN9MDcMytmz64B0ikb7-4mxP-QyBd5jbXIWjjJr4oQ28g_KT5lCkUa4nX0tA99yKaOf5116YUpjEwyb3xYmMJVuurJqwiPeRddm7NkfUdH1XmW1pJRx8xUeWh4Ms7tM4k/s320/27+-+posing+gin+%252323.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Getting that Kodak moment inside the gin.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwaS2R3ItbAIorc9FSVwPyWBUX-mta_M7dhmy-FgHoQlAl4uuGDU7rRoYaQ0_PEmPH9Kiwu2VmR-c_PA7PjOL7q8k3phh3TMphYg5UxFg2GBfoCyK5hJP0cNrDC_cYl6TvfRdq5vMlHxY/s1600/27b+bale+press.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwaS2R3ItbAIorc9FSVwPyWBUX-mta_M7dhmy-FgHoQlAl4uuGDU7rRoYaQ0_PEmPH9Kiwu2VmR-c_PA7PjOL7q8k3phh3TMphYg5UxFg2GBfoCyK5hJP0cNrDC_cYl6TvfRdq5vMlHxY/s320/27b+bale+press.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Capturing the cotton bale press in action.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnSdjPUjSWzbkYlb-VZy4f5ICAnw7UcY8BJVQBoU8neMt10G40RGgi88DKPLizf6gFLre_mmm-znBC1ggVhLL4M1-oJ34NmnL5IfCCbMOHhh3IARre3d7rtmCC5hJPz4_BtlC9zCCoZ5c/s1600/28a+-+Bales+ready+for+storing.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnSdjPUjSWzbkYlb-VZy4f5ICAnw7UcY8BJVQBoU8neMt10G40RGgi88DKPLizf6gFLre_mmm-znBC1ggVhLL4M1-oJ34NmnL5IfCCbMOHhh3IARre3d7rtmCC5hJPz4_BtlC9zCCoZ5c/s320/28a+-+Bales+ready+for+storing.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flat beds loaded with ginned cotton bales ready for storage.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfUuZR-EO1G3Yx41vlgV8eeZUPYCAWOttrLGHMQPdYAIwz6V_gqbKvOse85K-mA6P3172qwBUh7OTyDwQLneWhupotMFaHa7n0YFH0dIEYbCv-RtGcRzS-WYIca8DQCRukOWiot0zObu8/s1600/28+-++photographing+bale.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfUuZR-EO1G3Yx41vlgV8eeZUPYCAWOttrLGHMQPdYAIwz6V_gqbKvOse85K-mA6P3172qwBUh7OTyDwQLneWhupotMFaHa7n0YFH0dIEYbCv-RtGcRzS-WYIca8DQCRukOWiot0zObu8/s320/28+-++photographing+bale.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Plastic wrapped bale coming off the conveyor belt outside.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJs-C6ujwYsY9JWh5q9XJMNeu9DWaBCQZsz4kX0w35AXuKKLDcsYDV5tyb0O5YUMyjUPvHr4_nClh0Cvt-5WuIM_oFpsVZ_fRuIxIiyEx3FWSdbD0UjPjtNwMhZOsSrhpHON3ZmoZ8kww/s1600/29+-+end+of+gin+tour.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1064" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJs-C6ujwYsY9JWh5q9XJMNeu9DWaBCQZsz4kX0w35AXuKKLDcsYDV5tyb0O5YUMyjUPvHr4_nClh0Cvt-5WuIM_oFpsVZ_fRuIxIiyEx3FWSdbD0UjPjtNwMhZOsSrhpHON3ZmoZ8kww/s320/29+-+end+of+gin+tour.JPG" width="212" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Questions after the gin tour.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikDZjRXqXqPzHGlDtY62-Me5I-3Rs83PfpD0msfSRUEKOvvd3hjtLBPI0PY-on6fxG4tS0mZi_kVoPsUXRuNvHmWkOn50WspSXOsJZ2iyiOUYEhxjW5NRDku3fs72rYXt0jSs4lsqZErQ/s1600/30+-++with+ginned+cotton+fiber.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1064" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikDZjRXqXqPzHGlDtY62-Me5I-3Rs83PfpD0msfSRUEKOvvd3hjtLBPI0PY-on6fxG4tS0mZi_kVoPsUXRuNvHmWkOn50WspSXOsJZ2iyiOUYEhxjW5NRDku3fs72rYXt0jSs4lsqZErQ/s320/30+-++with+ginned+cotton+fiber.JPG" width="212" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Getting a handful of freshly ginned cotton.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQTvNOk9O0RAtxU6tsoQ8-QqkHycM3f7TIFL1Tt3cbfbo7M7soZvyAMl76N1UPh1BrrJ_PEh9JBGdwDzhJhN3jT0Q-4Cw3P5_UBQckK_F-iadAJur-Rx6jS9UQG6ni0ZzaMwQFyE3e31k/s1600/28b+-+Cotton+seed+%252329.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQTvNOk9O0RAtxU6tsoQ8-QqkHycM3f7TIFL1Tt3cbfbo7M7soZvyAMl76N1UPh1BrrJ_PEh9JBGdwDzhJhN3jT0Q-4Cw3P5_UBQckK_F-iadAJur-Rx6jS9UQG6ni0ZzaMwQFyE3e31k/s320/28b+-+Cotton+seed+%252329.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A mound of cotton seed outside the gin.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghTzlQydOohg6uIBAUIhvJPrsWxi8h1exNb84CYfcmV4-ejRgpurXsgRur2lyFswlkYr7QZFFDby_mscEnpqHjST4YpjbHYVH6NdgtqoLg3RW97DreC0EwOGZqZ7BKoyrvKHjot9q36uQ/s1600/last+group+photo.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghTzlQydOohg6uIBAUIhvJPrsWxi8h1exNb84CYfcmV4-ejRgpurXsgRur2lyFswlkYr7QZFFDby_mscEnpqHjST4YpjbHYVH6NdgtqoLg3RW97DreC0EwOGZqZ7BKoyrvKHjot9q36uQ/s320/last+group+photo.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Thank you 2018 Cotton Farm Tour participants. - Photos by Gilbert Mohtes-Chan</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-82064099538381075872018-10-29T20:26:00.002-07:002018-10-29T20:53:29.850-07:00Cotton Farm Tour de Force<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<br />
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">It
was a glorious blue sky, sun-drenched fall day in the Valley filled with endless
photo opportunities last Thursday.</span></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmNkZDR-OXX5QxONUfX5cZom6pJ1quYsGPUidUwqdy6bp8Ga_RCcLvtAtMODhKr3sNsDinu77oC7hJIsD1QiYBDEcAcU6aR9m3_ns-ocmWLjwJjXIzDZINSXBVyvsWZPf0PS5sFEZpWUs/s1600/1+-+morning+intros.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmNkZDR-OXX5QxONUfX5cZom6pJ1quYsGPUidUwqdy6bp8Ga_RCcLvtAtMODhKr3sNsDinu77oC7hJIsD1QiYBDEcAcU6aR9m3_ns-ocmWLjwJjXIzDZINSXBVyvsWZPf0PS5sFEZpWUs/s320/1+-+morning+intros.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">SCP Director Marcia Gibgs (center) welcomes tour group. </td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="Default">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">For
more than two dozen women and men from across California, there were more than
enough props for their fancy digital cameras and cell phones: Brown, green and
white fluffy cotton bolls ready for harvest, a cotton picker working the field
and raw fiber speeding through heaters, cleaners and bale presses at a cotton
gin.</span></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTb6gkNf0jK_jJL7NKHSzdVVhS9dmdqnxnhatHUSHfv7fFdueceUXNrBawF3rNtk1TTI4KM466VTtkWP0Jgc6F4PMz-xTJutYoC7PChDB1q1wdvx7LIT9jpv_smnVGrOzuvCxgfs3tA8A/s1600/2+-+Kathryn+Price+of+Xerces+Society+%25231.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTb6gkNf0jK_jJL7NKHSzdVVhS9dmdqnxnhatHUSHfv7fFdueceUXNrBawF3rNtk1TTI4KM466VTtkWP0Jgc6F4PMz-xTJutYoC7PChDB1q1wdvx7LIT9jpv_smnVGrOzuvCxgfs3tA8A/s320/2+-+Kathryn+Price+of+Xerces+Society+%25231.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Xerces Society's Kat Price talks about a perennial hedgerow.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Hand-spinners,
sustainability advocates and fashion brand representatives were among the Cotton
Tour participants chatting with farmers, a UC farm advisor and other industry
experts to get a rare behind-the-scene glimpse of the state’s cotton industry. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Sponsored by the nonprofit Sustainable Cotton
Project, this annual Cotton Farm Tour de Force drew rave reviews once again. </span></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Here’s
a glimpse of the whirlwind day.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhix5O5051vgqcUZR2nX7pf5rvt2UtyD60CGUCtp4yXN-OeNI-QU-jSWkLkkM-inuiFsIOPIO4hltFUOsHgxZCgzn-VIQPiDlCWk0miAQLXyz2CetJVMw_ypEABS3_UNoFDP-194_wX0Ak/s1600/13+-+more+photographing+dried+cotton+%252312.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhix5O5051vgqcUZR2nX7pf5rvt2UtyD60CGUCtp4yXN-OeNI-QU-jSWkLkkM-inuiFsIOPIO4hltFUOsHgxZCgzn-VIQPiDlCWk0miAQLXyz2CetJVMw_ypEABS3_UNoFDP-194_wX0Ak/s320/13+-+more+photographing+dried+cotton+%252312.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Capturing fluffy cotton fiber ready to be harvested.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOzOdIpf9tsEG7-pdqHlubI2bZAGBz0ZtiZ6LyQ5uH3PK6Tox8Sr1vAWYkY9J7KdEfMpwdZvjoK8T4x9R_KMYvwqP-wXxSGBOhKpJC5Uxl8xGo4mDgGsAeIpskMR1U9_1PhJmgK7dfTlo/s1600/15-+Holding+dried+cotton+stem+%252314.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOzOdIpf9tsEG7-pdqHlubI2bZAGBz0ZtiZ6LyQ5uH3PK6Tox8Sr1vAWYkY9J7KdEfMpwdZvjoK8T4x9R_KMYvwqP-wXxSGBOhKpJC5Uxl8xGo4mDgGsAeIpskMR1U9_1PhJmgK7dfTlo/s320/15-+Holding+dried+cotton+stem+%252314.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cotton is certainly the fabric of choice.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cotton picker ready to unload a round module.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Recording the harvester in action.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A rare treat was hand-picking colored cotton.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Growers Mark Fickett (left) and Frank Williams.</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">UC Farm advisor Dan Munk talks about cotton plants.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwDKZoH3xvyOwOIwlhg5pE2f3h0zYCHu6zEuB_sluTW3rqk5FxSAN2cMSdcKI_5HXSjx7se591ni6iWhsbMUwe9Of2y5M21YUT8cVUhTyH3uZgLM0EiDObRSX0U1iqXJVIWHr4XtAzVsU/s1600/3a+milk+weed+photographing.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwDKZoH3xvyOwOIwlhg5pE2f3h0zYCHu6zEuB_sluTW3rqk5FxSAN2cMSdcKI_5HXSjx7se591ni6iWhsbMUwe9Of2y5M21YUT8cVUhTyH3uZgLM0EiDObRSX0U1iqXJVIWHr4XtAzVsU/s320/3a+milk+weed+photographing.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Getting a close shot of milk weed at a perennial hedgerow.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVv_hexx8Bh8TtGkjDP8g5azm0dxtaFUqyJasgPZkBILk-enOUYGAsnTPhXXpK7Nyn3XNBYCKYiP3xO2MDKOI7sV0-Zer0AnSjJ3OHjW5awLRorvr2o9Kff-OT8DSDdNYLDhTiWTtUZjY/s1600/10+-+Dan+McCurdy+shows+spindles++%252310.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVv_hexx8Bh8TtGkjDP8g5azm0dxtaFUqyJasgPZkBILk-enOUYGAsnTPhXXpK7Nyn3XNBYCKYiP3xO2MDKOI7sV0-Zer0AnSjJ3OHjW5awLRorvr2o9Kff-OT8DSDdNYLDhTiWTtUZjY/s320/10+-+Dan+McCurdy+shows+spindles++%252310.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cotton grower Dan McCurdy describes a harvester's spindles.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheoTrzXP41KCNw_LkeC-o0up8I3xBtaWWCz4l90uDm2vyk2RhQNQrFSteiU4BZgRG1UoIQVu4psgwdFAvRdma2htFvZw37iB_K_FzI0Bg4Ey2qNO1AtOK8N8nqclnbjeU39hdyeZ3PC_I/s1600/9+-+Watching+cotton+harvester+%25239.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheoTrzXP41KCNw_LkeC-o0up8I3xBtaWWCz4l90uDm2vyk2RhQNQrFSteiU4BZgRG1UoIQVu4psgwdFAvRdma2htFvZw37iB_K_FzI0Bg4Ey2qNO1AtOK8N8nqclnbjeU39hdyeZ3PC_I/s320/9+-+Watching+cotton+harvester+%25239.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Watching a cotton picker in action at McCurdy's field.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYWW3sYEXI4ISw7lI409wUhbQ8oMW63qxaC3Bjkke9mS0JJgngRqgRbUbZDHW8nssXo63NgYcPZFMoh4_ypB3gMPXgbgvZDcYf0qW77-NNX2s27xorg4o4tiU_QEo8-IsCt9iKvBPuPkU/s1600/7+-+Branches+of+cotton+%25236.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYWW3sYEXI4ISw7lI409wUhbQ8oMW63qxaC3Bjkke9mS0JJgngRqgRbUbZDHW8nssXo63NgYcPZFMoh4_ypB3gMPXgbgvZDcYf0qW77-NNX2s27xorg4o4tiU_QEo8-IsCt9iKvBPuPkU/s320/7+-+Branches+of+cotton+%25236.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Posing with branches of a colored cotton plant.</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmYP2wOWOKrHrmEBh-1sOwGPDVdnYLOTJvu35CY1kLGd9fj0HsaKrHRSNXIs4HZr6mX0m3_41XM61sodjq6OPg9UeYAb_RDZCWEIJElPyxFPR1aDHG3QRdMW2hgZPCdjdBtySJnx7vo5w/s1600/18+-+Posing+at+cotton+round+18.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmYP2wOWOKrHrmEBh-1sOwGPDVdnYLOTJvu35CY1kLGd9fj0HsaKrHRSNXIs4HZr6mX0m3_41XM61sodjq6OPg9UeYAb_RDZCWEIJElPyxFPR1aDHG3QRdMW2hgZPCdjdBtySJnx7vo5w/s320/18+-+Posing+at+cotton+round+18.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A tound cotton module is a perfect backdrop for pictures. Photos by Gilbert Mohtes-Chan</td></tr>
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Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-46443030657216531622018-10-22T21:21:00.000-07:002018-10-22T21:21:46.790-07:00It's Important to Ensure the Cotton Harvest Isn’t All Wet<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Some six months after planting the seeds of another
cotton crop, growers are finally ready to reap the benefits of their hard work.
Yes, it’s harvest time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The
plants are a dry, golden brown after defoliation and the cut-off of irrigation.
You can see a sea of puffy white fiber across the fields.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“We’re harvesting,” declared field scout Damien
Jelen. “Harvesters are working all day.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrbFrIhr5oIApdFjxIhMtLt7b8twFpN30-t68h3T3E4pXbzCIwH_WaabhUkR3_AIRuqaz46rmbNwJDIhiSFCcZQR06WJLNh9rbSlQfkoisDv05L4RTA8TIJ8cMzAYRXrXMYvDOOIHdzO4/s1600/Cotton+harvester++1+10-30-14.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrbFrIhr5oIApdFjxIhMtLt7b8twFpN30-t68h3T3E4pXbzCIwH_WaabhUkR3_AIRuqaz46rmbNwJDIhiSFCcZQR06WJLNh9rbSlQfkoisDv05L4RTA8TIJ8cMzAYRXrXMYvDOOIHdzO4/s320/Cotton+harvester++1+10-30-14.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Growers monitor cotton moisture before picking the crop.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Crews are working the fields for 12 hours, often
starting around 10 a.m. after the fiber dries off from the morning dew.
Usually, the harvesters – with their twirling spindles twist the fresh cotton
from the burrs attached to the dried plant stems – end the day around 10 p.m. or
when cool nighttime temperatures start increasing the fiber’s moisture content.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">While
farmers are early risers, they often won’t start at the crack of dawn. It is
important for them to manage the moisture content of cotton so that they can
maximize yield and protect the fiber quality. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">If the cotton is too wet, the fiber can stick to the
machinery and cause jams that can damage cotton balers and gin equipment. Also,
harvesters can pick up more trash and leaves along with the fiber. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Moreover, wet
cotton packed into modules can create another problem: “It can catch fire,”
Damien says through spontaneous<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a> combustion.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">On the flip side, overly dry cotton can become
damaged during harvest and even ruin the fiber quality.</span><span style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; line-height: 115%; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;">.</span></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span><br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIPoZ5PGYUDI8D2rs6_pCWCknay7hictH8OU8KlsSbaow_s1Yi9PYIZU2x9Zljq_GTFH0qIS-LewvUsnPXsv_AEn0RDkwBsXCiz_l2-G0HBVU7Uw7wl40ab_DlEMshVRtLov4D-1-pnxo/s1600/Harvester+unloads+round+cotton+module.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1064" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIPoZ5PGYUDI8D2rs6_pCWCknay7hictH8OU8KlsSbaow_s1Yi9PYIZU2x9Zljq_GTFH0qIS-LewvUsnPXsv_AEn0RDkwBsXCiz_l2-G0HBVU7Uw7wl40ab_DlEMshVRtLov4D-1-pnxo/s320/Harvester+unloads+round+cotton+module.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A round cotton module is ready to be unloaded.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Experts say growers should check
moisture content frequently at the beginning and the end of the day. They can hand
test or use a meter. Here are some tips:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<br /><ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span><span style="color: #11313b; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Harvest when there is no dew present and the humidity in the air
is less than 70 percent. A good rule of thumb is if there is dew on vehicles
during harvest then the cotton is probably too wet.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span><span style="color: #11313b; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Bite into a cotton seed. It should be hard and crack in your
teeth.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="color: #11313b; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Feel the cotton to determine if it’s too wet. The ideal reading
on a moisture meter should be around 6 to 8.5 percent, according to the USDA. The
reading shouldn’t be more than 12 percent.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span><span style="color: #11313b; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Moist cotton will jam up in a harvester, causing the fiber to be
thrown in front of the picking heads.</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #11313b; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Check if dense globs of fiber are thrown
into the collection basket.</span></li>
</ul>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfat4GsXJu9ixL2xZ7KHlyeyjm9d6Cz48GwxtdEc94X6giHEVQak8DZRb5unbj4Q7f8Degvkd7jEqOXLoSH1GRzqNZsUVYW8bbbzzv8C7uID_0Vbh9hiwmhrTMjCdWlgSPTWqjgdoHvHQ/s1600/alfalfa+harvester.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="610" height="157" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfat4GsXJu9ixL2xZ7KHlyeyjm9d6Cz48GwxtdEc94X6giHEVQak8DZRb5unbj4Q7f8Degvkd7jEqOXLoSH1GRzqNZsUVYW8bbbzzv8C7uID_0Vbh9hiwmhrTMjCdWlgSPTWqjgdoHvHQ/s320/alfalfa+harvester.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alfalfa growers looking for one more harvest this season.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">While
the cotton harvest is gearing up, the alfalfa crop is winding down its harvest
season. Damien says a little rain during the first three days of the month was
enough water to trigger a growth spurt in alfalfa.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“Growers are going for one more cutting,” Damien
says. Usually, growers in the Valley will harvest six to eight times during the
season. They cut when the alfalfa is at least a couple feet tall.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Damien says this final cutting will take place when
alfalfa reaches around 18 inches tall. “It will be small bales.”</span></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv-moV2JwJ-a8PlSt_dly2rSMfA4-CScH_BXzV6GDV7cxnqD0HVicdHyk2GEhydHJHVf2w6xYL9jrBDlXL1tkCkwrvW92-57Vf6dGUBIIxi_IjkWn5qWw87kPkMLe6f5WQLJ1ywpkvOy8/s1600/cotton+tour++blog+pix.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1065" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv-moV2JwJ-a8PlSt_dly2rSMfA4-CScH_BXzV6GDV7cxnqD0HVicdHyk2GEhydHJHVf2w6xYL9jrBDlXL1tkCkwrvW92-57Vf6dGUBIIxi_IjkWn5qWw87kPkMLe6f5WQLJ1ywpkvOy8/s320/cotton+tour++blog+pix.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="Default">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">COTTON
FARM TOUR: </span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">There is still time to sign up for a behind-the-scenes look
at cotton production. The day-long tour is set for Thursday, October 25.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Leading experts and professionals will offer
insights about cotton cultivation and processing, addressing issues such as
water use, cotton farming practices and the state of the market for Cleaner
Cotton™ fiber. Cost is $40 a person and covers bus transportation, a catered
lunch at the Cardella Winery in Mendota and snacks and water. The tour starts
at 8:15 a.m. at the Best Western Apricot Inn, 46290 West Panoche Road,
Firebaugh. Register through the Sustainable Cotton Project’s </span><a href="https://www.eventbrite.com/e/sustainable-cotton-project-2018-cotton-farm-tour-tickets-50046373049"><span style="color: windowtext;">Eventbrite site.</span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">To
reserve a motel room at the special event price, contact the Apricot Inn at </span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(559) 659-1444 and ask for “Sustainable Cotton
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Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-89865479878832677712018-10-13T16:55:00.000-07:002018-10-13T16:55:16.256-07:00Final House Call for The Almond Doctor <!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">He guided almond
growers through deep freezes, rainstorms, drought and tree diseases. He
dispensed sage advice about combating tree diseases and feeding crucial
nutrients to the soil.</span>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Often
dubbed The Almond Doctor – a title he liked to downplay despite the catchy
title on the blog – David Doll has written about everything almonds during his
tenure as University of California Cooperative Extension pomologist and almond
expert in Merced County. His column featured eye-catching titles such as “Got
Voles? Perhaps anthraquinone is the answer” or straight forward titles like “Almond
Frost Warning and Protection Methods - 2018.”</span></div>
</span></h1>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“David exemplifies
the best in cooperative extension work. His ability to communicate and outreach
to all types of growers and those in the industry is unparalleled,” says Marcia
Gibbs, director of the Sustainable Cotton Project and San Joaquin Sustainable
Farming Project. “He makes folks comfortable with his easy style and has an
amazing ability to answer questions, supplying insights from not just his own
experience but<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>backing his answers with scientific data on
the spot. David is one of the best advisors in the UCCE system.” </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzKoVzNPCLjfLem0mYVWg_emKISbrUOEDObs84wCcgf6hjTA2pssWEHOVBLnB4eSGk8-L9UGEOpk3u2I0X_7fCbeP8D76Uqv3GaZrq6fdk0uOk-iIU-TgVTHBw6o6nyc59CTjXjLFW240/s1600/David+Doll+at+almond+field+day.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzKoVzNPCLjfLem0mYVWg_emKISbrUOEDObs84wCcgf6hjTA2pssWEHOVBLnB4eSGk8-L9UGEOpk3u2I0X_7fCbeP8D76Uqv3GaZrq6fdk0uOk-iIU-TgVTHBw6o6nyc59CTjXjLFW240/s320/David+Doll+at+almond+field+day.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gibbs
has worked with David since he started with UCCE more than a decade ago. The
farm advisor has become a fixture at almond field days and steadily earned the
respect of growers during his tenure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
is a major draw at field days.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“David
is truly an innovative thinker who understands what growers need to know,
always tailoring his talks to meet their needs.His willingness to step across
county lines to meet the needs of Fresno and Madera County growers as well as
those in Merced shows his commitment to the extension model.” Gibbs says.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“At
almond meetings during the growing season and we can always count on David to
find the time to come and speak with growers. When David is on the agenda, we
can count on a good turnout of interested growers with great questions. Our
meeting evaluations always rank David at the top of the agenda. Growers know
they can bring their damaged nuts, tree branches and pressing pest or disease
issues and David will get them the information they need. He follows up and
provides a high level of technical expertise, tempered with a good
understanding of the pressures facing California farmers.”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8Y3hK-V0sxUw9Bw4mpg-qkKF0g-GGipr_AGDjf5kWLrYnyKCm_swgdZKMSmmybGp1CIkpksExPj0rdPFFA72Z2qhDxm_TsKxOUDOsaz_ZhBUXM5-IhnMjbTHZBf0PdlQvw7LE4jI2xJg/s1600/field+day+sign.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1064" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8Y3hK-V0sxUw9Bw4mpg-qkKF0g-GGipr_AGDjf5kWLrYnyKCm_swgdZKMSmmybGp1CIkpksExPj0rdPFFA72Z2qhDxm_TsKxOUDOsaz_ZhBUXM5-IhnMjbTHZBf0PdlQvw7LE4jI2xJg/s400/field+day+sign.JPG" width="265" /></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Doll will make his final Almond Field Day appearance on Wednesday at West
Valley Hulling, 45475 W. Panoche Road, Firebaugh. The free meeting with be from
10 a.m. to noon. Growers also will hear from </span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Kris
Tollerup,UC Statewide IPM advisor who will share information on managing navel
orangeworm in almonds. Nick Tatarakis, Manager and Steve Malanca, Field Rep at
West Valley Hulling will give a short talk about the huller followed by a tour
through the facility.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">David earned his Bachelor of
Sciencedegree in plant biology from Purdue University in 2004. In 2008, he
earned a master’s degree in plant pathology from the University of California,
Davis. He has specialized in almonds, pistachios, walnuts and urban forestry.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">David
boasts an extensive bibliography, writing about issues ranging from “</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Climatic constraints to the potential
of Microsphaeropsis amaranthis as a bioherbicide for common waterhemp” to
“drought management in almonds.”His California agriculture article contributes
include “</span><a href="http://californiaagriculture.ucanr.edu/landingpage.cfm?articleid=ca.v070n01p15&fulltext=yes" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biological
control program is being developed for brown marmorated stink bug</span></a><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">” and “</span><a href="http://californiaagriculture.ucanr.org/landingpage.cfm?articleid=ca.v067n03p128&fulltext=yes" target="_blank"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Managing
the almond and stone fruit replant disease complex with less soil fumigant</span></a><u><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.”</span></u></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">“David’s
work is of the highest caliber. His ideas and forward thinking are
irreplaceable. David has put in endless hours of time helping make UCCE Merced
a well-respected source for quality service and information,” Gibbs says.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>David will definitely be missed by Valley
almond growers. Don’t miss the opportunity on Wednesday to wish him well on his
new adventure.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKk7IHmU9NG5wDvw2HefWqVPbFAMtEADsVZnRP6NSX2OsOijy-7jPIjiN5MbnfS_BKVU8dDhMWoVBUsKyiFxzS20EcLZITm2jRHgMOCWMeVcljSZtwjqFrYUD5mJUZ-RM65hQN5zi1t4E/s1600/cotton+tour++blog+pix.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1065" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKk7IHmU9NG5wDvw2HefWqVPbFAMtEADsVZnRP6NSX2OsOijy-7jPIjiN5MbnfS_BKVU8dDhMWoVBUsKyiFxzS20EcLZITm2jRHgMOCWMeVcljSZtwjqFrYUD5mJUZ-RM65hQN5zi1t4E/s320/cotton+tour++blog+pix.JPG" width="320" /></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">COTTON FARM TOUR: </span></b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">This popular eventis back, offering a behind-the-scenes look
at cotton production. The day-long tour is set for Thursday, October 25.
Leading experts and professionals will offer insights about cotton cultivation
and processing, addressing issues such as water use, cotton farming practices
and the state of the market for Cleaner Cotton™ fiber. Cost is $40 a person and
covers bus transportation, a catered lunch at the Cardella Winery in Mendota
and snacks and water. The tour starts at 8:15 a.m. at the Best Western Apricot
Inn, 46290 West Panoche Road, Firebaugh. Register through the Sustainable
Cotton Project’s </span><a href="https://www.eventbrite.com/e/sustainable-cotton-project-2018-cotton-farm-tour-tickets-50046373049"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Eventbrite site.</span></a><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">To
reserve a motel room at the special event price, contact the Apricot Inn at </span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(559) 659-1444 and ask for “Sustainable Cotton
Project — Cotton Farm Tour” rate.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">See
you there.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-68197747449292593322018-10-08T18:16:00.000-07:002018-10-08T18:16:28.263-07:00Whitefly, Aphids and Honeydew a Big Sticky Issue for Cotton <br />
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> The industry worried sticky
cotton, which is caused by whiteflies and cotton aphids secreting honeydew and
contaminating the lint, would tarnish California’s global reputation for
producing California’s high quality cotton.</span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1MFiqM0NJHhfSemtwLEZTNWo6pY4aVIdW9VgV273Ig1YZRUWR65KNuZFwqX35mGWI-ZocnR2-G3VTfv0YG9rYDI-jO0E0mfYD2-ZwUrksZQ9j_zSyAt06Mnb-JpzvYTfGRzjMtZrEO24/s1600/sticky+cotton.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="422" data-original-width="300" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1MFiqM0NJHhfSemtwLEZTNWo6pY4aVIdW9VgV273Ig1YZRUWR65KNuZFwqX35mGWI-ZocnR2-G3VTfv0YG9rYDI-jO0E0mfYD2-ZwUrksZQ9j_zSyAt06Mnb-JpzvYTfGRzjMtZrEO24/s400/sticky+cotton.jpg" width="283" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Growers want to avoid sticky cotton.</td></tr>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">A U.S. Department of Agriculture
report calls sticky cotton a worldwide problem that is “</span><span style="font-family: "times-roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;">increasing
as cotton processing machinery is refined because high-speed, large-volume
processing of lint requires cleaner cotton. Much of the cotton produced in the
Western United States is exported, and loss of export markets is a serious
threat to the U.S. economy.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times-roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;">Yes, sticky cotton can
slow down or even halt cotton processing at the gin so processors can clean
gummed up rollers and combs. </span><span style="font-family: "times-roman" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="font-family: "times-roman" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Times-Roman;">During the 2013 infestation, growers were able to avert disaster
and control the whitefly population.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Fortunately for this season,
apids and whitefly pressure was relatively under control as the season headed
toward defoliation and the fall harvest, according to field scout Damien Jelen.
“There were some early signs of sticky cotton but that didn’t last long.
Whitefly was worse last year.”</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij2G68EpaRDw7vZ0ha8VCDUJFAb6wiyGPlYkxhq2B7h7e7DIZibsQMLJR__zAPV5Ek4zxKipsLOwbEI3blccjNRLFLvSfL27UwMh44dM-M-ndmhOQDF3W4-3HtBzXhgTPholiZ5qW5AXs/s1600/aphids+on+cotton+leaf.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="212" data-original-width="325" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEij2G68EpaRDw7vZ0ha8VCDUJFAb6wiyGPlYkxhq2B7h7e7DIZibsQMLJR__zAPV5Ek4zxKipsLOwbEI3blccjNRLFLvSfL27UwMh44dM-M-ndmhOQDF3W4-3HtBzXhgTPholiZ5qW5AXs/s320/aphids+on+cotton+leaf.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Aphids populate a cotton leaf.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhISiVnPr1CHAdqapaMvABesl5Iv0rrwqt6pfMLf_8RGZj7LBJf0vU52b4FGj_FF1ByftoNDgPTpC86k_GsoYh4mgrq4UH0qRF_F9sgYIdtqvv1iA6W6Nv2ooeJzjdqQbncXeej-OGeHts/s1600/Silverleaf_whitefly.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="423" data-original-width="573" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhISiVnPr1CHAdqapaMvABesl5Iv0rrwqt6pfMLf_8RGZj7LBJf0vU52b4FGj_FF1ByftoNDgPTpC86k_GsoYh4mgrq4UH0qRF_F9sgYIdtqvv1iA6W6Nv2ooeJzjdqQbncXeej-OGeHts/s320/Silverleaf_whitefly.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Silverleaf whitefly will leave honeydew on cotton plants.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Whitefly and aphids are such a
concern to the cotton industry that the state Department of Food and
Agriculture checks for the pest every summer, taking leaf samples in 10 percent
of the cotton fields in the Valley.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Ag officials start taking
samples the first week of July and compile weekly reports. In the Northern San
Joaquin Valley, officials this season visit 60 sites in Fresno County, two in
Madera County and 62 in Merced County. The reports give growers an idea of the
changes of whitefly numbers over time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">In the Ag Departments’s most recent
weekly report covering August 27 to September 7, officials reported:</span></div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Of
the 600 leaf samples taken in Fresno County, 19 percent of the leaves were
infested with silverleaf whitefly nymphs and 4 percent with aphids.One-third of
the sample sites had leaves with honeydew and 27 percent with sooty mold. </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Of
the 620 leaf samples taken in Merced County, 5 percent had whitefly and 1
percent aphids. Forty-four percent of the sample sites had leaves with honeydew
and 42 percent with sooty mold.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Of
the 20 leaf samples taken in Madera County, 15 percent of the leaves had whitefly
and none had aphids. One of the sites had leaves with honeydew and sooty mold.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> If you don’t think this issue is
taken seriously, consider this: Californiagrowers spent $220 million to combat
sticky cotton from 1992 to 2001. Studies indicate sticky cotton can result in a
price reduction of 3 to 5 cents a pound.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2EtaShlZ3CXOrAybSNFE5Qg9hjPAWc0OL1QdaTos16KlH2_8iaHkFp3d6mxjHhyphenhyphenhqXWlfVdUtwPT4wOBrO3HhrFTcoucm9-prTPyFK9wjgGsMF7vScBFRQCmUPt1RTzyNxGMh5hIdC6E/s1600/field+day+sign.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1064" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2EtaShlZ3CXOrAybSNFE5Qg9hjPAWc0OL1QdaTos16KlH2_8iaHkFp3d6mxjHhyphenhyphenhqXWlfVdUtwPT4wOBrO3HhrFTcoucm9-prTPyFK9wjgGsMF7vScBFRQCmUPt1RTzyNxGMh5hIdC6E/s400/field+day+sign.JPG" width="265" /></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">ALMOND FIELD
DAY:</span></b><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">For one final time, growers will have
an opportunity to hear valuable tips from David Doll, the highly regarded
almond expert and pomologist with UC Cooperative Extension in Merced County.
The “Almond Doctor” is heading overseas to share his almond expertise with the
developing markets there. The free event will be Wednesday, October 17. Don’t
miss out on theparting advice from the “doctor.” The <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>meetingwill be <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>from 10
am to 12 noon at West Valley Hulling, 45475 W Panoche Rd. Firebaugh. Growers
will hear from Doll and Kris Tollerup,UC Statewide IPM advisor who will share
information on managing navel orangeworm in almonds. Nick Tatarakis, Manager
and Steve Malanca, Field Rep at West Valley Hulling will give a short talk
about the huller followed by a tour through the facility. </span></div>
<br />
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</div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTcxjpekHom74UzU8adetjhDGhdbfMhzLfOZ39GGsI5QXl29mXWIfMcPQSQAOdMM4A0SA9R8rESW27PawfSVblO7IPd7w4OfaAzHbL2GNhwDRUDDoaRaQpYuU0gLiRyHQBRHLIEU7-PNM/s1600/cotton+tour++blog+pix.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1065" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTcxjpekHom74UzU8adetjhDGhdbfMhzLfOZ39GGsI5QXl29mXWIfMcPQSQAOdMM4A0SA9R8rESW27PawfSVblO7IPd7w4OfaAzHbL2GNhwDRUDDoaRaQpYuU0gLiRyHQBRHLIEU7-PNM/s320/cotton+tour++blog+pix.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="Default">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">COTTON
FARM TOUR: </span></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">This
popular eventis back, offering a behind-the-scenes look at cotton production.
The day-long tour is set for Thursday, October 25. Leading experts and
professionals will offer insights about cotton cultivation and processing,
addressing issues such as water use, cotton farming practices and the state of
the market for Cleaner Cotton™ fiber. Cost is $40 a person and covers bus
transportation, a catered lunch at the Cardella Winery in Mendota and snacks
and water. The tour starts at 8:15 a.m. at the Best Western Apricot Inn, 46290
West Panoche Road, Firebaugh. Register through the Sustainable Cotton Project’s
</span><a href="https://www.eventbrite.com/e/sustainable-cotton-project-2018-cotton-farm-tour-tickets-50046373049"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Eventbrite site.</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">To reserve
a motel room at the special event price, contact the Apricot Inn at </span></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(559) 659-1444 and ask for </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">“Sustainable </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Cotton Project — Cotton Farm Tour”
rate.</span></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">See you
there.</span></div>
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<div class="Pa0">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-29082488135641610382018-10-01T08:17:00.000-07:002018-10-01T08:17:46.398-07:00Knock, Knock, Knocking on Almond Tree Branches<!--[if !mso]>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i></b><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Happy October.</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">It won’t be long before those little
goblins and ghosts come knock, knock, knocking on your heavy door, asking for
treats or tricks.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Shaking almond trees again could yield more income.</td></tr>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">But
by the time Halloween arrives in these parts, the almond harvest should be
pretty much wrapped up, says field scout Jenna Mayfield.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“Growers are finished harvesting
nonpareils.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hard shell varieties like
Butte and Padre are left,” she says. Those nuts should be off the trees before
the end of this month.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">In
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see if there are still more good almonds left. Even after mechanical shaking,
there are nuts that stubbornly cling to branches, refusing to fall to the
ground.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“It’s like wasting money,” Jenna points
out. “There may be quality nuts still left in the trees.”</span></div>
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Yes, it might be worthwhile for growers to go knock, knock,
knocking on the almond tree branches one more time.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0x8iTklXDKWVbo3BtEdSpsWoAX0FO0RRgBq-R4PMc75kRwj3jpcmu_rRLkbrDEV1ewKb3PcSYA8vvvu2K7U7w4NzYwUrX0-MKAmmuqCa_WbpNrx_snp0Nzdnu9-Of4MP9Q0y5N68Vt9w/s1600/almond+harvest+poling.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="480" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0x8iTklXDKWVbo3BtEdSpsWoAX0FO0RRgBq-R4PMc75kRwj3jpcmu_rRLkbrDEV1ewKb3PcSYA8vvvu2K7U7w4NzYwUrX0-MKAmmuqCa_WbpNrx_snp0Nzdnu9-Of4MP9Q0y5N68Vt9w/s320/almond+harvest+poling.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Workers use long poles to remove extra almonds on the trees.</td></tr>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Jenna points out growers need to determine
the economic benefits between leaving the remaining nuts on the tree or sending
crews out with poles to knock down the leftovers. Some growers might have
mechanical shakers do the work, especially those already out harvesting the remaining
hard shell crops.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Here are some of the benefits this
practice:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
remaining nuts can serve as winter homes for the dreaded navel orangeworm (NOW).</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">NOW
problems translate into extra money spent on pest treatments in the spring.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Some
of the extra nuts could be sent to the processor and bring in bonus money.</span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“Growers are weighing this issue,”
Jenna says. “A lot believe this practice pays for itself.”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">SAVE
THE DATES:</span></b></div>
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</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFpuoCZwaGcsYnSkU4Gn2ZvTsAnvOECrwKN3Ag_llRkA6f97qLCB0cCCPfctlSzpHFDEq7Z8hyKEy_BWfn-_5_5HJPSUG9rD36vTLqmMb7yWb-sVz2Ah9Imb-aGKrP-TR9YHcSEfsux7w/s1600/field+day+sign.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1064" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFpuoCZwaGcsYnSkU4Gn2ZvTsAnvOECrwKN3Ag_llRkA6f97qLCB0cCCPfctlSzpHFDEq7Z8hyKEy_BWfn-_5_5HJPSUG9rD36vTLqmMb7yWb-sVz2Ah9Imb-aGKrP-TR9YHcSEfsux7w/s200/field+day+sign.JPG" width="132" /></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">ALMOND FIELD DAY:</span></b><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">For one final
time, growers will have an opportunity to hear valuable tips from David Doll,
the highly regarded almond expert and pomologist with UC Cooperative Extension
in Merced County. The “Almond Doctor” is heading overseas to try almond farming
in Portugal<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>. The free event will be Wednesday, October 17.
Don’t miss out onparting advice from the “doctor.” Stay tuned for more details,
including the time and location.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3xxrx4TyHnp2HDuLULUuYDwX99V0eEapV270SM6yky7G6i3FrvQ8tDoOxya2E64vw89L2wXRQknztI9ZAhfYF1dYc2vu5vUvtj1M4LggRLKiW3xu4GoWw9m9qRS1XVOfruCnsJU3LorU/s1600/cotton+tour++blog+pix.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1065" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3xxrx4TyHnp2HDuLULUuYDwX99V0eEapV270SM6yky7G6i3FrvQ8tDoOxya2E64vw89L2wXRQknztI9ZAhfYF1dYc2vu5vUvtj1M4LggRLKiW3xu4GoWw9m9qRS1XVOfruCnsJU3LorU/s320/cotton+tour++blog+pix.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">The popular <b>COTTON FARM TOUR </b>is back, offering a behind-the-scenes look at
cotton production. The day-long tour is set for Thursday, October 25. Leading
experts and professionals will offer insights about cotton cultivation and
processing, addressing issues such as water use, cotton farming practices and
the state of the market for Cleaner Cotton™ fiber. Cost is $40 a person and
covers bus transportation, a catered lunch at the Cardella Winery in Mendota
and snacks and water. The tour starts at 8:15 a.m. at the Best Western Apricot
Inn, 46290 West Panoche Road, Firebaugh. Register through the Sustainable
Cotton Project’s </span><a href="https://www.eventbrite.com/e/sustainable-cotton-project-2018-cotton-farm-tour-tickets-50046373049"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Eventbrite site.</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Default">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">To reserve
a motel room at the special event price, contact the Apricot Inn at </span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Default">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";"> (559) 659-1444 and ask for </span><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">“Sustainable </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif";">Cotton Project — Cotton Farm Tour”
rate.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
<div class="Pa0">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-34331116204818156282018-09-24T19:46:00.000-07:002018-09-24T19:46:51.627-07:00Harvest Moon Arrives as Growers Prepare to Defoliate Cotton Fields<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Gaze into the sky tonight and you’ll see a spectacular full
moon ablaze.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">With
fall only a few days old, the harvest moon shining bright tonight and tomorrow
is a sure sign for cotton growers that their crop soon will be ready for
picking.</span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_a8kNMwCUk54iSq2BH5LpJqxGI60pLbbhnemI8TFalhH3e5jDmlYoce7iYBuweeXcNKWQxpWQNL2wslnZDgfi3uuR4zi9NWwtzdnJjQRkrkC70fhAFrUPUbqtGNWq0Mo6_ouNYxwcTAI/s1600/harvest+moon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="208" data-original-width="242" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_a8kNMwCUk54iSq2BH5LpJqxGI60pLbbhnemI8TFalhH3e5jDmlYoce7iYBuweeXcNKWQxpWQNL2wslnZDgfi3uuR4zi9NWwtzdnJjQRkrkC70fhAFrUPUbqtGNWq0Mo6_ouNYxwcTAI/s320/harvest+moon.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></td></tr>
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<br /></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Growers should start defoliating their fields this week,”
says field scout Damien Jelen. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sure
sign for folks driving around the Valley are warning signs placed around the
border of cotton fields warning workers and the public about upcoming chemical
applications. Two to three weeks after defoliation, the crop will be ready for
picking.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Why are defoliants used to help with the harvest?</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The treatment is a traditional cotton management practice
that causes the leaves to drop and plant to start drying. This helps the
harvesting machines pick the cotton cleanly off the plants and lessen the
amount of leaves and debris (we call it trash) collected during the harvest.
The practice improves the quality of the fiber as it is processed at the cotton
gin.</span></div>
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</span><br />
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">You might describe defoliation
as both an art and a science. If growers defoliate too early, their yields can
be affected because there are too many immature bolls left on the plants. If
the field is defoliated too late, the field could wind up with pest damage. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy_89D5HtjHZW2Eh42eD_5nGsjCM75_9nGSsfX4kJ2IOmQ9kKieGCyPiG3pzeiGVJ_FGX8ojcYw-FOQA5iTh27OlldPKsBrgrB6R4qNjK_mIDKPO_0s_YueHRg7MwTFIYY3jGDeoc3mwY/s1600/Nodes+above+cracked+boll.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="192" data-original-width="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhy_89D5HtjHZW2Eh42eD_5nGsjCM75_9nGSsfX4kJ2IOmQ9kKieGCyPiG3pzeiGVJ_FGX8ojcYw-FOQA5iTh27OlldPKsBrgrB6R4qNjK_mIDKPO_0s_YueHRg7MwTFIYY3jGDeoc3mwY/s1600/Nodes+above+cracked+boll.jpeg" /></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A common guide to determine when to defoliate is using a
Nodes Above Cracked Boll (NACB) method. Find the highest first position boll
that is cracked and showing lint and then count the number of harvestable bolls
above it. It’s fairly safe to defoliate at three NACB for the Pima varieties
and four for Acala.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Some growers, however, may opt to defoliate
early. They may worry about aphid and whitefly populations threatening the crop
and causing sticky cotton problems – figuring they can sacrifice a little yield
in order to get a head start on harvesting.Of course, there are advantages for
holding off with defoliation and allowing more fruit to mature. Either way,
it’s a decision that’s not taken lightly by growers.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEZbtDq76CXFCNG-M8HvS8zKNT0xfqIsT2seJJgTpShU5c5_N7hTMpBIhVhcFGBfIWlby5pe8IRtMihoPGxTI4fl-JAw6jFZVUT7tkc_7YrMd4oc4xEohNRWpG6gK_C_zQCnaQkbM94GI/s1600/airplane+cotton+defoliation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="194" data-original-width="259" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEZbtDq76CXFCNG-M8HvS8zKNT0xfqIsT2seJJgTpShU5c5_N7hTMpBIhVhcFGBfIWlby5pe8IRtMihoPGxTI4fl-JAw6jFZVUT7tkc_7YrMd4oc4xEohNRWpG6gK_C_zQCnaQkbM94GI/s1600/airplane+cotton+defoliation.jpg" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Defoliation of local cotton fields is ramping up.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">“Defoliation is the last operation where management
decisions can have a large impact on profits;a lot of dollars hinge on making
the right decision,” UC Integrated Pest Management says. <span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Here’s what UC IPM considers the </span><a href="http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r114901511.html"><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">best conditions
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degrees)</span></span></li>
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<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Relatively uniform crop
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg07BN85Tc2kpcyStZL0CEwEAQNItGdWJGydQD1vEwmJTIxuDRz97rPy82mCcdrvA5Ze7Ksb1loKhxndt_treydwTW9nKJEek4pVuZmv1elOtr-llWuNYnRXl-wA1ebfRwNw0TE12urBHM/s1600/sticky+cotton.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="422" data-original-width="300" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg07BN85Tc2kpcyStZL0CEwEAQNItGdWJGydQD1vEwmJTIxuDRz97rPy82mCcdrvA5Ze7Ksb1loKhxndt_treydwTW9nKJEek4pVuZmv1elOtr-llWuNYnRXl-wA1ebfRwNw0TE12urBHM/s320/sticky+cotton.jpg" width="227" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Growers monitor for sticky cotton.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Meanwhile, Damien says aphids and whitefly populations have
been under control. That’s important <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>in fields that
haven’t been defoliated yet. “You need to keep monitoring for these pests to
avoid honeydew build up and sticky cotton,” Damien says.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">
</span>Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-76138918656357567382018-09-17T19:27:00.000-07:002018-09-17T19:27:15.759-07:00Almond Harvest a Nutty Time of the Year for Growers<!--[if !mso]>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The almond harvest is in full swing as summer gives way to
autumn this week.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
California almond growers are poised to set another
record-breaking year, harvesting 2.45 billion pounds from more than 1 million
bearing acres, according to predictions earlier this summer by the USDA’s
National Agricultural Statistics Service. The haul is a 7.9 percent increase
from 2017.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Field scout Jenna Mayfield points out growers were worried
the winter freeze would reduce yields this year. However, that hasn’t been the
case.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
“There hasn’t been a
lot of pest pressure this season,” Jenna says. “Some growers will be harvesting
into late October.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7Nm7wksmR6UxiQAW35QrsgxZss1AqBO3CiDz7WqDUkRF_P2fknQ1cqB1WKEjLKuAQrZ28-Pz-DpdOJViD60BZUlxawQxAM3-E007MQwACDIVVZ1r_QkQm0IA4O1LsFZ0l53HFIe5ZWu4/s1600/almond+sweeper.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="329" data-original-width="600" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7Nm7wksmR6UxiQAW35QrsgxZss1AqBO3CiDz7WqDUkRF_P2fknQ1cqB1WKEjLKuAQrZ28-Pz-DpdOJViD60BZUlxawQxAM3-E007MQwACDIVVZ1r_QkQm0IA4O1LsFZ0l53HFIe5ZWu4/s320/almond+sweeper.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sweepers often work larger farms first over smaller farms. </td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Jenna points out growers plant at least two different almond
varieties for cross pollination and each variety will mature differently – thus
an encore tree shaking.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">In California, growers produce 30
different almond varieties – although 10 varieties make up 70 percent of the
state’s production.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All varieties fall
under three general classifications – Nonpareil, California and Mission.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Right now, growers aren’t ready to relax. There is a lot of
work left to do. And there is a lot to worry about before the last nut is
picked up and sent off to the processor.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Normally,
after the almonds are shaken off the trees the nuts will remain on the ground
to dry for about a week. Growers try to pick up the nuts as soon as possible to
avoid pest damage. Jenna says the heat and humidity trapped under the orchard
canopy can prolong the drying process on the ground, leaving the almonds
vulnerable to pest damage.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt7OlMNoWrE5XcFaSnIwzYaCIQNbjxo-zkw2HG0l1nQkK31LkDe9fYg3RRAWfNufFXi09mOxMY8ysqAdszV4p-xMjXTTl4BMiYHTTTJfUynzMRWe2GXZS4v_qpNy0FoiIcFbwZ519IgR4/s1600/Ants+in+almond.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="770" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt7OlMNoWrE5XcFaSnIwzYaCIQNbjxo-zkw2HG0l1nQkK31LkDe9fYg3RRAWfNufFXi09mOxMY8ysqAdszV4p-xMjXTTl4BMiYHTTTJfUynzMRWe2GXZS4v_qpNy0FoiIcFbwZ519IgR4/s320/Ants+in+almond.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ants are a problem when nuts are drying on the ground.</td></tr>
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Currently, some growers are grappling with ants parading
around nuts on the orchard floor, Jenna says. The longer the nuts are on the
ground to dry, the more ant damage can be expected. But these growers operate
small orchards and must wait for equipment operators to schedule a sweeper to
collect the harvested nuts. “The large operations either have their own
harvesting equipment or take priority over the smaller farms,” Jenna explains.</div>
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<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZtqHcdcgXJJCdxuRT2ia5jonmgDWZUbcJGOklgGy1SIv3PNErHeMrKN-lvALnn578v5ovwJnVO2nka2oTZifTjCHCxk6hkAiQwobCsJpy_tA2tL8xZdql6KkDgoT3cBrDkaYPnq_fpg4/s1600/almond+huller.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="232" data-original-width="350" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZtqHcdcgXJJCdxuRT2ia5jonmgDWZUbcJGOklgGy1SIv3PNErHeMrKN-lvALnn578v5ovwJnVO2nka2oTZifTjCHCxk6hkAiQwobCsJpy_tA2tL8xZdql6KkDgoT3cBrDkaYPnq_fpg4/s320/almond+huller.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Almond processors will grade the quality of harvested nuts.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Meanwhile,
Jenna joins UC extension advisers in espousing the benefits of taking harvest
samples. “How do you know the true effectiveness of your pest management
program when 4-5% of damaged nuts may be removed by the harvest process?”
Merced County UC Cooperative pomologist David Doll writes in an Almond Doctor blog
post. “Collect nuts from the ground after shaking but before windrowing and
pick-up.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For several
years, Jenna has collected almond samples for growers. She will crack open the
nuts to check for pest damage and report her findings to growers. <span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">These harvest samples will let growers know
what pests are in their orchards and <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>compare these
results with the nut damage results from the huller. The information helps
growers prepare next season’s orchard management strategy.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">UC Integrated Pest
Management recommends taking 500 nuts from each orchard block as a
representative sample. Jenna tries to collect nuts quickly, trying not to leave
them on the ground too long. Otherwise, ants might get to some of the nuts and
skew the findings. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Almond samples collected from an orchard.</td></tr>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Here is how UC
Integrated Pest Management describes pest damage:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">* Peach twig borer (PTB) and navel
orangeworm (NOW) often like to infest the same nut. But NOW bores into the nut
and PTB doesn’t. The NOW damage will cover over the PTB damage. NOW damage is
represented by webbing and powder-like remnants. </span></div>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ant damage is evident by the big
bites taken out of the kernel – like something took a miniature melon ball spoon
and took a scoop out, according to Jenna.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> <span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Leaffooted bugs will leave dark
spots on the kernel.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> <span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Peach twig borer leaves shallow channels
and groves on the surface.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> The Oriental fruit moth also produces
shallow channels and surface groves.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“Knowing the damage that occurs
provides the ability to develop the most cost-effective way to manage orchard
pests,” Doll writes in his post. “</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-76384942938929922882018-09-10T15:08:00.000-07:002018-09-10T15:08:36.410-07:00Cut-out Is a Sign of Maturity for Cotton Plants In the Valley <!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Around cotton country, there are signs the harvest
is just around the corner.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Fall
is a little more than a week away. The fruit on the plants have reached
maturity and new terminal growth has pretty much stopped. And many growers have
put a stop on irrigation.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf4Ctlg4O2TjN_SMAwcm3s1bp44QUNkU48qDeo2_Kwv7u0PLYO2eZCo-LltvopbhPYpZyiWCTgOfSo6PVgNP7F1Gi9WR4CVLwd3vRxL2zPMASWmPcEqnZwAo-LFNjQpzXHgJEXlAFgxNY/s1600/Cotton+irrigation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="480" data-original-width="640" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf4Ctlg4O2TjN_SMAwcm3s1bp44QUNkU48qDeo2_Kwv7u0PLYO2eZCo-LltvopbhPYpZyiWCTgOfSo6PVgNP7F1Gi9WR4CVLwd3vRxL2zPMASWmPcEqnZwAo-LFNjQpzXHgJEXlAFgxNY/s320/Cotton+irrigation.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cotton growers are ending irrigation for the season.</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Field scout Damien Jelen says we can officially say
cotton has reached cut-out – the final stage of plant growth before the bolls
open.In fact, Damien did spot one field in which bolls were starting to crack
open.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">For
cotton, cut-out takes place when plants are at three to five Nodes Above White
Flower (NAWF). Cut-out means cotton bolls are mature and about 95 percent of
the crop has been set. This is an important barometer for growers because cut-out
provides a good indication about the cotton yield during harvest time.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwVd4sPnJC3V3yMBa_whrimlTDhVQAFYhGXapULEljeFE4mooyL1SEhyKTgCY-P540246lhyphenhyphenC1yUQDuHhrmiJAEl2Bc2HTItcZ2oJmG5prOvwO-9NpxSJw3MDHVjbklKW42-ByPeiCr-M/s1600/2002_Nodes_Above_White_Flowers.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="267" data-original-width="396" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwVd4sPnJC3V3yMBa_whrimlTDhVQAFYhGXapULEljeFE4mooyL1SEhyKTgCY-P540246lhyphenhyphenC1yUQDuHhrmiJAEl2Bc2HTItcZ2oJmG5prOvwO-9NpxSJw3MDHVjbklKW42-ByPeiCr-M/s320/2002_Nodes_Above_White_Flowers.gif" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“Growers were thinking we were going to have an
early season. But the cool weather lately slowed things down,” Damien says,
pointing to temperatures in the low 90s and high 80s at the end of August.
“Cotton likes the heat.”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">As a result, Damien says, cotton gins are preparing
for a normal harvest season in October and early November in some cases.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1zR3i6tPrSlhi3Esig2Up32kOXfRajDAOwTBnAu2KSbxo7QEC7NgfS0TMRvZMAMiAEqPDdSueyP12Q7rH2ihOhkzUveVHHtFlJbAK8_UVbNi6GXds0zftbjf7nSL2lMIeVeGgcg2GybE/s1600/lygus+in+cotton.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="423" data-original-width="500" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1zR3i6tPrSlhi3Esig2Up32kOXfRajDAOwTBnAu2KSbxo7QEC7NgfS0TMRvZMAMiAEqPDdSueyP12Q7rH2ihOhkzUveVHHtFlJbAK8_UVbNi6GXds0zftbjf7nSL2lMIeVeGgcg2GybE/s320/lygus+in+cotton.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lygus bugs are no longer a threat to cotton.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Meanwhile
on the pest front, lygus is no longer a threat. Normally, growers stop monitoring
for lygus about 10 days after cut-out. Their attention now turns to aphids and
whitefly, which can lead to sticky cotton.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">So far, the good news is aphids and whitefly are
under control. “The counts are all down,” Damien says about his pest findings
during his sweeps in the cotton fields.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In
alfalfa, growers have wrapped up another harvest and are <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>irrigating
their fields again. Many will continue cutting through October – with a few
trying to squeeze in another harvest in November, depending on the weather.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-86939979594687511882018-08-28T20:07:00.000-07:002018-08-28T20:07:07.769-07:00Cotton Growers Still Grappling with Nasty Soil Disease <!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Over the years, Bob Hutmacher has visited countless cotton fields across the
Valley.<br />
<br />
He’ll field a call
from a grower asking him to come check out a problem with the crop.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
“ <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I feel like the grim reaper when I walk into a field
and they ask if they have Race 4 fusarium wilt,” he jokes. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
This season, the University of California Cooperative extension specialist
at the Westside Extension and Research Center has visited 10 cotton fields and
found they have lost 5 to 15 percent of their stands due to the soil disease.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">UCCE cotton expert Bob Hutmacher</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“It’s going to be a continuing battle. It’s
difficult to contain,” he told growers attending a recent cotton field day in
Mendota. Identified in 2001 in Fresno-Kings counties area, the nasty soil
disease was identified in four different locations in the San Joaquin Valley
within three years. It has steadily spread northward to the upper San Joaquin
Valley. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Recently, Race 4 fusarium was discovered in West
Texas cotton fields around the El Paso region. Hutmacher suspects it could be
infecting fields in Arizona – although nothing has been confirmed by
agriculture officials.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
Race 4 is a fungus in the soil. It can
infect plants and cause a vascular wilt in a number of cotton varieties. The
spores can be spread through regular farming practices such as irrigation and
cultivation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It can cause damage in a
variety of soil types. Over time, it can spread through an entire field and ultimately
cause widespread plant losses and stunted growth, adding up to a costly loss in
yield.<br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“It could be a couple years when you detect anything
or it could be 10 years.”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
Hutmacher says seed companies have developed resistant cotton seed varieties
and continue to look for improvements. Researchers in California and Texas are
exploring crop rotation practices that could limit the spread of the disease.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbECI3YjURY7Bf0Iz9qpPkvBUKx4uFbt8QbYBGrzCZE8eCLfCAisYjgWLJcT_j4M5Cs-ubSdHEcLrhvUD0RikaUJScXivajA4VHcR6qakxdu9Lf7PbCmguCi95h73p8DHwmPyL7YxuYRE/s1600/Fusarium+Cotton+Stand+decline.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="189" data-original-width="335" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbECI3YjURY7Bf0Iz9qpPkvBUKx4uFbt8QbYBGrzCZE8eCLfCAisYjgWLJcT_j4M5Cs-ubSdHEcLrhvUD0RikaUJScXivajA4VHcR6qakxdu9Lf7PbCmguCi95h73p8DHwmPyL7YxuYRE/s320/Fusarium+Cotton+Stand+decline.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Race 4 fusarium will wipe out sections of cotton plants.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In the 10 fields Hutchmacher inspected this season, about half of them were
in the second or third season in cotton. Some of the worst cases, though, were
in fields planted in melons or tomatoes the previous year.<br />
<br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“We still don’t know of a crop rotation that knocks
down its survival,” he says. However, the disease appears to be controlled the
year after the field has been left fallow the previous summer. “That actually
knocks down the problem.”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hutmacher says public research institutions,
government ag agencies and private ag firms need to continue working together
to come up with a solution. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cotton plants will wilt and die from the soil disease.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“Until you get a perfect resistant
variety, the solution is a really resistant cultivar along <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>with
a kind of chemical treatment that is affordable. That will reduce down the
infection rate. I don’t think it will need to be perfect,” he says. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hutmacher urges growers to contact UC farm
advisors if they see any problems in their fields. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Once growers know they have an infected
field, they can take steps to slow the spread of the disease. That includes
cleaning soil from equipment, limiting the movement of soil and plant debris
from the infected field and planting resistant varieties.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">“People have been very good about
working with their PCAs, seed companies and consultants to try to get answers
to know what they are dealing with,” he says.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-1379777129686667012018-08-27T19:46:00.000-07:002018-08-27T19:46:19.632-07:00It’s Time to Get Shakin’ in Valley Almond Orchards<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">With September around the corner,
it’s time to shake, dry and sweep in Valley almond orchards.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Field scout Jenna Mayfield says the almond harvest is finally
picking up after getting off to a slow start this season. “Growers are shaking
away, knocking the nuts off the trees.” </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Shakers use big claws to grasp on the tree trunk.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Almonds are havested by mechanical
shakers outfitted with crab-like claws that clamp onto the trunk of the tree
and vigorously shake the almonds onto the grounds.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jenna notes growers plant at least
two different varieties of almonds for cross pollination and each variety will
mature at a different time. That means growers will send the harvesting
equipment to shake the mature nuts off the trees again. After the nuts are
collected off the ground, they are taken to a processor to remove the dried
green hulls, crack the shells and separate the meat.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sometimes, there will be a third shaking if growers believe
there are enough left over nuts to make it economical to harvest again. It’s
quite a juggling act for growers, especially small farms that need to schedule
outside harvesters to bring their equipment into the orchards.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">After shaking, the almonds will dry on the orchard floor.</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">You might call the almond harvest a
marathon rather than a sprint. This year, though, growers may wind up sprinting
near the end of the harvest. Here’s why: Jenna points out that some growers
started the almond harvest as early as July 22 in 2017. This year, the
earlybirds began around August 10.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The nearly three-week difference
could push the harvest into Halloween or even later for some. That could make
it tricky if the weather changes and wet storms hit the area. Rain will hurt the
quality of the meat and run up costs for mechanical drying. Jenna says the
threat of rain could trigger around-the-clock harvesting.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Another worry for growers: Ants. The longer the nuts are on
the ground the more susceptible <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>they are to ant damage.
“Growers need to be vigilant about ants.”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Growers worry about ants damaging almonds on the ground.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">At the same time, growers are
mindful of air quality and are investing in equipment to keep dust down during
shaking and sweeping operations. Farm advisers recommend growers adjust harvest
equipment to match orchard conditions, following simple steps such as reducing
speed or planning the machine’s path up and down the rows between trees.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Growers try to minimize dust during the mechanical harvest.</td></tr>
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As a rule, growers will shake about two weeks after the last
irrigation to minimize bark damage during the shaking. The timing depends on
the type of soil. Sand requires less time to dry out while clay requires more
time.<br />
<br />
In orchards with sand and other soils that don’t hold water very well,
growers may need to irrigate between harvesting the different varieties. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Proper water management is important during
harvest time.<br />
<br />
Yes, the harvest may have started, but it’s a long way to the finish line.<br />
<br />
Happy shaking.<br />
<br />Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-11334776450665791922018-08-20T19:55:00.000-07:002018-08-20T19:55:30.004-07:00Growers Reining in Cotton’s Heat-Fueled Growth Spurt<!--[if !mso]>
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It’s no secret cotton thrives in heat. That’s one reason you
see the fiber grown in the South, Southwest and, of course, California’s great
Valley.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">“Cotton originated in hot, dry regions and prefers those conditions
to achieve maximum production,” says Australia’s Division of Agricultural
Services.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> “Cotton</span><span class="st"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
</span>therefore does best in areas with a long,<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">hot</span><span class="st"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </span>season. The higher the average
temperature (within reason), the faster </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">cotton</span><span class="st"><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </span>will </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">grow</span><span class="st"> and develop.”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi84PC9rDJU7eOryamQTw_b87zLy6xzlqfRc-DmJkS90kKphJZTahpQJH3aFKSmhmgNH4CHrxskCJ2faz523bNhs714I3UHyOvwY2UI7Nm7ys3LVeLYzdyj9fG4B60jwUuMKBY8bHqGtoI/s1600/heat+wave+image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="165" data-original-width="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi84PC9rDJU7eOryamQTw_b87zLy6xzlqfRc-DmJkS90kKphJZTahpQJH3aFKSmhmgNH4CHrxskCJ2faz523bNhs714I3UHyOvwY2UI7Nm7ys3LVeLYzdyj9fG4B60jwUuMKBY8bHqGtoI/s1600/heat+wave+image.jpg" /></a><span class="st">Moreover, the growth of cotton plants will
follow a predictable pattern under favorable moisture and temperature
conditions. Growers can chart development by charting daily temperatures to
monitor the plant’s progress.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span class="st">For the Valley this summer, the average temperature
has beyond what the Aussie Ag folks would describe as “within reason.”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span class="st">As mentioned in last week’s post, the Valley has experienced
a record-breaking July for consecutive 100-degree days in the region. While we
had a number of days in the high 90s this month, the average high for August so
far is 101 degrees, according to the National Weather Service.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Excessive heat could impact cotton bolls.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span class="st">Researchers say cotton yield and quality can be affected by
periods of extreme heat and create heat stress. The result could be the
shedding of bolls, excessive vegetative growth or reduction in fiber quality
because of problems in boll development.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="st">“Cotton plants can grow three inches a day when it’s 100
degrees or more during the day,” field scout Damien Jelen says. “Growers have
been treating their fields with plant growth regulators.”</span><br />
<br />
<span class="st">Growers can experience production problems if their
plants grow too much – which in industry parlance is called “excessive
vegetative growth.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This condition can
lead to delayed maturity, boll rot and problems during harvest. If the plants
grow too tall, the open bolls would be out of the reach for the harvesters
collect the fiber, Damien says. We’ll have to see how many more Hot August Days
and Nights are in store the rest of this month.<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgllJ03uTCNgdmXB-aGz-gcWmj-essJX3uSapxvpnOxe3FQCM8kwTW1jiePm9YxnR7OTG7WeUHiWv2Z95wTFNq8x8vZcfVAuoLpQLeDXwn3s1JN0DBPtW0SctoxZH314orZNLW1MYKQ8t8/s1600/Worm+from+alfalfa+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgllJ03uTCNgdmXB-aGz-gcWmj-essJX3uSapxvpnOxe3FQCM8kwTW1jiePm9YxnR7OTG7WeUHiWv2Z95wTFNq8x8vZcfVAuoLpQLeDXwn3s1JN0DBPtW0SctoxZH314orZNLW1MYKQ8t8/s320/Worm+from+alfalfa+1.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Worm counts are up in alfalfa fields.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<span class="st"> </span><br /><span class="st"></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span class="st">Meanwhile on the pest front, Damien says aphid and worm
counts are on the upswing while lygus numbers are under control. He says some
alfalfa growers are treating their fields for worms.</span><br />
<br />
<span class="st">In almonds, the harvest continues to be off to a slow start,
according to field scout Jenna Mayfield. Activity has been less than robust for
this time of the year. Jenna anticipates tree shaking to pick up this week.</span><br />
<br />
<br />
Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-32282980831953849932018-08-13T19:44:00.000-07:002018-08-13T19:44:19.152-07:00Excessive Valley Heat Poses Challenge for Almond Harvest<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt;"></span></i></b><br />
No one needs to tell Valley farmers it’s been very hot, even by local
standards.<br />
<br />
The Fresno region set a record for the most consecutive days of
100-degree temperatures in July. In fact, everyone endured 30 straight days of
triple-digit weather until the high temperature fell to a <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">cool</i> 99 degrees on August 5.<br />
<br />
Almond field scout Jenna Mayfield adds there has been little relief at night
with the lows hovering in the 70s this past month. “We haven’t had a break. We
welcome the days when it’s in the 90s,” she says. Jenna adds: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“The air is so unhealthy. There’s smoke from
the wildfires. It’s hard to breathe.”<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4fielBzjfgQuk_J02nvLsJyFctJgBjVyiBFMgqpsOgj2S3JhuXFyZRxG9ByRnQru6eTKlKzaqwhpWgNT4iZBVz6ucowUrjnZAPQLcqhjtUDBdQDA6wdezQuloD_ZGrUkOBYqxhPjwaUE/s1600/Nasa+image+of+smoke+in+California+2018.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="811" data-original-width="960" height="269" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4fielBzjfgQuk_J02nvLsJyFctJgBjVyiBFMgqpsOgj2S3JhuXFyZRxG9ByRnQru6eTKlKzaqwhpWgNT4iZBVz6ucowUrjnZAPQLcqhjtUDBdQDA6wdezQuloD_ZGrUkOBYqxhPjwaUE/s320/Nasa+image+of+smoke+in+California+2018.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NASA photo shows smoke covering the Central Valley.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Add in smoke and hot weather and “it makes you more tired. “It’s hard on
workers in the fields,” Jenna says. “They’re toughing it out.”<br />
<br />
Jenna says the excessive heat may be affecting the pests as well. “The mite
pressure is down in almonds. Navel orangeworm numbers are low.”<br />
<br />
Jenna thinks the heat coupled with the addition of miticides in the
hull split sprays are keeping mites down. Mite populations usually explode
during the hot summer days.<br />
<br />
Right now, growers are moving around harvesting equipment and a few have
started shaking nuts off the trees. Harvesting should begin picking up this
week.<br />
<br />
“Everything has been slow. We really haven’t seen much harvesting yet,”
Jenna says. The prolonged heat spell prompted growers to figure out the best
strategy to irrigate during hull split and prior to harvest.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwcNer0NCa87Ss17Xk8nC6a96hT9myD5nWZYMIu_wHqVdljk8PeKkYL6qLNlgt_iZi_NmZf7sMp5NGMnvRfn7Cz8aWTAAr9S-RDFUaUsTS5UHOOY8kkGnthHFfv3OMnVuaDlpJj9p7znA/s1600/almonds+split+on+trees.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="156" data-original-width="234" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwcNer0NCa87Ss17Xk8nC6a96hT9myD5nWZYMIu_wHqVdljk8PeKkYL6qLNlgt_iZi_NmZf7sMp5NGMnvRfn7Cz8aWTAAr9S-RDFUaUsTS5UHOOY8kkGnthHFfv3OMnVuaDlpJj9p7znA/s320/almonds+split+on+trees.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">More growers should start harvesting almonds this week.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Extreme heat triggers more evaporation and dry ground heats up more quickly
than wet soil. <br />
Here’s the quandary: If growers irrigate too much, they increase the risk of
diseases, shaker damage and delayed harvest. If they don’t provide enough
water, the trees become over stressed, mite activity could explode and kernel
weights might decrease. “It’s a balancing act,” Jenna says.<br />
<br />
Pomologist David Doll of UC Cooperative Extension in Merced County advises
growers to maintain the same frequency of irrigation during hull split but make<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a> adjustments during irrigation sets.<br />
<br />
“Reductions to
irrigation (i.e. 50 percent at the onset of hull split) to apply a stress can
be made by reducing the duration. Trees should be monitored by either a
pressure chamber or observations (i.e. wilting) to identify stress levels. If
the trees are over/under-stressed at the end of the cycle, adjust the duration,”
he writes in his Almond Doctor column.<br />
<br />
<i>Here are some recommendations at this time:</i><i><span style="font-style: normal; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></i><br />
<div style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><i>Pre-Harvest week</i><b>:</b>
20-50 percent reduction to help begin a slight dry down of the orchard.<br />
<i>Harvest week</i><b>:</b> 30-50 percent evapotranspiration (ET) –
some water should be applied, but with enough time to allow orchard floor
drying for shaker movement.<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>
<i>Post Harvest</i><b>:</b> 100 percent ET – stress
should be minimized at this stage as the tree prepares for next year.</div>
<div style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<div style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"></span></div>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRWTsYVacVUPl7Y9Vt6yvDvaUrP6_TvkFKfAammT_Qa_8ykhg3a-XkEjd2kIaVEO8EsEolmehPxFydVo90q4gGwBlijYHeXIniXdQTyT1tLRn_90_yl0XIH_zqoVjEewgg39YkPl6oYi8/s1600/almonds+-+irrigation.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRWTsYVacVUPl7Y9Vt6yvDvaUrP6_TvkFKfAammT_Qa_8ykhg3a-XkEjd2kIaVEO8EsEolmehPxFydVo90q4gGwBlijYHeXIniXdQTyT1tLRn_90_yl0XIH_zqoVjEewgg39YkPl6oYi8/s320/almonds+-+irrigation.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Growers need to adjust irrigation schedules during harvest.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
“The recommendations are made for micro, drip, or solid-set irrigation
systems, but the recommendations would be very difficult to achieve using flood
irrigation,” Doll writes. “With flood irrigation, growers will want to adjust
their irrigations so that some trees show signs of water stress between
irrigations during hull split, and harvest will be delayed until the wettest
part of the field is dry. Increasing distribution uniformity by taking into
account soil differences with different checks may help with a uniform harvest.”<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-42565238580443921362018-08-04T09:38:00.000-07:002018-08-04T09:38:27.758-07:00Going Beyond the Hype of Soil Health in the Central Valley<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">For
farmers, two crucial elements for growing successful crops are water and a
good, healthy soil.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Rain,
of course, ensures we have enough water to irrigate the crops. On the other
hand, what keeps the soil healthy is subject to debate, according to Jeff </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Mitchell,
associate vegetable crop specialist at the Kearney Ag Center.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">During a cotton field day last month in Mendota,
Mitchell encouraged growers to go beyond the hype about soil health and pointed
out that they could do something about it.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“The
reason we have such good levels of productivity is we have water. We have the
luxury of developed water through the Central Valley Project. That has enabled
people to mask a lot of problems.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM5iw4KKCpUHcyIt029XiF505ixeWOlfE5YSkL481sJr4AjIYqcfrF54KgTkHG6FXNUOTmAKAR6X5OCvSnms36UzXInJVu29EnXJaoj1KebfbBTM7-3N2AeM9uVHv_K7YmdRzqteJvdtk/s1600/Deere-tillage+practice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="282" data-original-width="501" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM5iw4KKCpUHcyIt029XiF505ixeWOlfE5YSkL481sJr4AjIYqcfrF54KgTkHG6FXNUOTmAKAR6X5OCvSnms36UzXInJVu29EnXJaoj1KebfbBTM7-3N2AeM9uVHv_K7YmdRzqteJvdtk/s320/Deere-tillage+practice.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Conventional tillage is widely practiced by Valley growers.</td></tr>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mitchells
says farmers have routinely followed the same practices from year to year to
prepare the ground for the next season’s crop. Tillage – preparing the soil
using mechanical means such as a tractor to turn over the ground – is the
common practice in the Valley. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“Water
and tillage have masked a lot of problems,” he said.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Studies
have reported tillage causes soil erosion. In hilly areas, the eroded soil moves
downslope. On flatlands, the eroded soil can fill drainage ditches.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">A 2003 study
by the USDA Agricultural Research Service in Minnesota found </span>the tillage
erosion loss of 27 tons per acre per year was almost 5½ times more than the
natural 5 tons per acre loss per year. <span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“What
constitutes good soil management?” Mitchell asked growers. “Diversity, organic
matter and keeping the ground covered.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“Mother
Nature doesn’t do tillage,” he said.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Mitchell
said planting a winter cover crop will boost soil health. “This is not new
stuff,” he said, noting discussions about cover crops in the Valley have been
around for a century. “This is coming back to basic principles.” </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjslCs0lJ6xj0tG-H4-mYMbyfEzftzH1msjC39Rln6yucztSQDDgkM1YLFFVkD9Kh8uyDucr0oPhgzezeqlKNh40OmGqGfpl9SGMUPP_syNHd2XLIihKTN4mmca4yyTttgK6KPxzTWItNI/s1600/legume+cover+crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="400" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjslCs0lJ6xj0tG-H4-mYMbyfEzftzH1msjC39Rln6yucztSQDDgkM1YLFFVkD9Kh8uyDucr0oPhgzezeqlKNh40OmGqGfpl9SGMUPP_syNHd2XLIihKTN4mmca4yyTttgK6KPxzTWItNI/s320/legume+cover+crop.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Here is a field with a legume cover crop.</td></tr>
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The benefits of cover crops include: Slowing erosion,
improving soil health, enhancing water infiltration, smothering weeds, controlling
pests and diseases and increasing biodiversity.<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
challenge, he added, is “nobody is going to do cover crops without irrigation.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
During the first half of the 20<sup>th</sup> century, farmers planted cover
crops extensively. But in the 1950s, growers moved away from this practice
because of the development of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>pre- and
post-emergent herbicides. But this is changing with concerns about chemical
inputs into the soil.<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0O8Br1srMygRS5tYARJUqNcTJulq3vJ8lzp_xOw5_wSp9hZQXRkDS2KwlMIdaElbUi6edmi_2he8VUUZzr3_z1DFa69tbaZnEgGKfBJcPoqMjXP-lPb6H8Ol0ZxRUM9nhnEbvE9ESDvk/s1600/Vetch-after-rolling+no+till+cover+crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0O8Br1srMygRS5tYARJUqNcTJulq3vJ8lzp_xOw5_wSp9hZQXRkDS2KwlMIdaElbUi6edmi_2he8VUUZzr3_z1DFa69tbaZnEgGKfBJcPoqMjXP-lPb6H8Ol0ZxRUM9nhnEbvE9ESDvk/s320/Vetch-after-rolling+no+till+cover+crop.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A tractor is rolling a vetch no-till cover crop.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
From 1999 through 2014, Mitchell and other researchers quantified cover crop
biomass production for a variety of mixtures under winter rainfall and limited
supplemental irrigation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The group
conducted a separate study to determine changes in soil water storage under
three cover crop mixtures compared to fallowed plots during the winter of 2013
and 2014 to investigate tradeoffs associated with water use by cover crops in
the region.<br />
<br />
“ From this long-term systems research, we conclude that while
vigorous growth of winter cover crops in the Central Valley may not be possible
in all years due to low and erratic precipitation patterns, there may be
benefits in terms of providing ground cover, residue, and photosynthetic energy
capture in many years. However, cover crop biomass production may come at a
cost of soil water depletion in this semiarid, drought-prone region,’’ the
study said.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Texas NRCS soil demo of no-till and tillage in water.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Mitchell brought pans of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>till and
no-till soil samples to illustrate his point. He dropped a clogfrom each sample
into a separate cylinder filled with water. The convention tillage sample
started to disintegrate immediately, representing sediment going downstream.
The no-till soil soaked up the water and only small particles gradually <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>dropped into the water.<br />
<br />
What’s this mean? “Better water holding capacity (with the no-till soil),”
one farmer responded.<br />
<br />
To view Jeff’s presentation, you can go to our website and see for yourself
just how different the two soil samples were. The link is <a href="http://www.sustainablecotton.org/videos/index/115">http://www.sustainablecotton.org/videos/index/115</a>.<br />
<br />Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-47923363645942598372018-07-30T12:00:00.000-07:002018-07-30T12:00:23.956-07:00Holy Cow – Worm Population Surges in Alfalfa Field<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Damien Jelen
walked into a sun-baked alfalfa field, swinging his sweep net to the left and
then to the right. Swoosh. Swoosh. Swoosh. Swoosh<i><b>.</b></i></span><br />
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><i><b> </b></i></span>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvTue8AatcgcAHdwD83Q0brEUuegTZFs8m9BeAhKzkPA6Hqkkcq3R3LN_h3_nZgt28CPyTLWuvb9xDOwq8CJE3DSJz9HaiRmdEuPPMkpxhLAGceV0s9d5_KQyHtlvLZlmr9ErD-xjYNHM/s1600/beet+armyworm+photo.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="484" data-original-width="318" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvTue8AatcgcAHdwD83Q0brEUuegTZFs8m9BeAhKzkPA6Hqkkcq3R3LN_h3_nZgt28CPyTLWuvb9xDOwq8CJE3DSJz9HaiRmdEuPPMkpxhLAGceV0s9d5_KQyHtlvLZlmr9ErD-xjYNHM/s320/beet+armyworm+photo.jpg" width="210" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Beet arrmyworm. (UC IPM photo)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">He
opened up the net, revealing dozens of squirming worms. “The numbers are
bumping up,” Damien says, citing this month’s relentless heat wave as one
reason for the population explosion.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Yes,
it has been extremely hot in the Valley. As July nears a close, all but three
days this month have recorded triple-digit high temperatures, averaging a
sizzling 102 degrees – hot even by Valley standards. Historically, the average
high for the month is 98.4 degrees.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Since late spring, field scouts and growers have been on the lookout
for beet armyworm, western yellowstriped armyworm and alfalfa caterpillars.
Yellow and white butterflies flying around the fields are telltale signs
alfalfa caterpillars are on the upswing.<br />
<br />
<span class="st">Alfalfa pests can significantly reduce yields, stand life and
forage quality. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Alfalfa serves as an
important food for the state’s $6 billion dairy industry.</span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTXC8TwlAFSLowf5-JLdvSDxDNy5Xug6YovZZYIGQJJlpRj5XOGdBEZOUu5162KgajtTHnYE-eWkRRFbRASg8aHVd5kiBlzNilNeuZENrHvgyOvp4VPfwlVCfxRtPTyCOs48stL3CwqYo/s1600/alfalfa+caterpillar+butterflies.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="400" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTXC8TwlAFSLowf5-JLdvSDxDNy5Xug6YovZZYIGQJJlpRj5XOGdBEZOUu5162KgajtTHnYE-eWkRRFbRASg8aHVd5kiBlzNilNeuZENrHvgyOvp4VPfwlVCfxRtPTyCOs48stL3CwqYo/s320/alfalfa+caterpillar+butterflies.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Western yellowstriped armyworm butterfliers.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Armyworms leave foilage looking like skeletons while alfalfa caterpillars
will gobble entire leaves. Most of the time natural enemies such as bigeyed
bugs and lacewings are plentiful enough to keep these pests at bay. Or other
growers may opt to cut their crop a little early.<br />
<br />
But with two or more months of harvesting still left in the season,
some growers are spending the money to treat their fields. “They had to spray.
They can’t wait,” Damien says.The pest counts were above the treatment
threshold.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXidoxmHJGkI79-erMPdUyvhcpmFr43AlVXXflqZmwUw3j5Uo6R1egIPYHWwu_Nbiuab1XeBXj22OQIOseXwfz5FRjncbP-oCkOAInLUDAVTCIJtz8M44zX-JQepdSDql_VakVXXF8gH8/s1600/western+yellowstriped+armyworm+larva.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="484" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXidoxmHJGkI79-erMPdUyvhcpmFr43AlVXXflqZmwUw3j5Uo6R1egIPYHWwu_Nbiuab1XeBXj22OQIOseXwfz5FRjncbP-oCkOAInLUDAVTCIJtz8M44zX-JQepdSDql_VakVXXF8gH8/s320/western+yellowstriped+armyworm+larva.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alfalfa caterpillar. (UC IPM photo)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
During the summer, UC IPM recommends scouting a field two to three times a
week. To come up with good pest counts, UC suggests dividing each field into
four sections and taking five sweeps per section for a total of 20 sweeps.<br />
“See
if white or green parasitic wasp larvae are inside. Base your population
estimates on the average of all sweeps taken in that field, counting only those
armyworms collected in sweeps that are at least 0.5 inches in length,” UC IPM
says.<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Growers should
consider treating their fields under these thresholds:</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10 or more nonparasitized alfalfa
caterpillars per sweep,</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">15 or more nonparasitized
armyworms per sweep, or</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">10 or more nonparasitized alfalfa
caterpillars and armyworms combined per sweep.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Vug2mdYgmNwTtSQ17KjF45H3qqwyOUHBYf0LXbI4dJg60cccBSNw3RWuj3_kedbM9P3Z2rd0Pin0_gDyqaAMYjCU7u2Z8DjgN6IYyBE2v32tL2wNSF0auORWsehHB9M-6kF9LmT_AVM/s1600/field+day+sign.jpg.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1064" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Vug2mdYgmNwTtSQ17KjF45H3qqwyOUHBYf0LXbI4dJg60cccBSNw3RWuj3_kedbM9P3Z2rd0Pin0_gDyqaAMYjCU7u2Z8DjgN6IYyBE2v32tL2wNSF0auORWsehHB9M-6kF9LmT_AVM/s200/field+day+sign.jpg.JPG" width="132" /></a><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">FIELD DAY: </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">If you want to
learn more about latest</span><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></div>
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">trends in alfalfa
field and pest management and pesticide regulations, come to Tuesday’s Alfalfa
Field Day in Firebaugh. The free event will be from 9:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. at
the Firebaugh-Mendota United Methodist Church, 1660 O Street, Firebaugh.
Featured speakers are:</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Lynn M. Sosnoskie, agronomy and weed science
advisor, for the University of California Cooperative Extension in Merced and
Madera counties, who will discuss weed control in alfalfa and the chemical,
cultural and biological factors that can affect success and failure.</li>
<li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Tom Casey, pest control operations official for
the Fresno County Agricultural Commissioner’s Office, who will cover current
pesticide use and regulations.</li>
<li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Nicolas Clark, agronomy and nutrient management
advisor at UCCE Kings, Tulare and Fresno counties, who will offer tips about
insect pest management in San Joaquin Valley alfalfa hay.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Continuing
education credits have been approved and include one hour of regulations. The field
day issponsored by the San Joaquin Sustainable Farming Project, which provides
farmers with valuable strategies to improve yields while becoming better
environmental stewards in today’s challenging economic and regulatory climate.
For more information about the field day, contact Project Director Marcia Gibbs
at (530) 370-5325.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<br />Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-64537711643649457762018-07-23T20:02:00.000-07:002018-07-23T20:02:54.177-07:00Mapping Out Cotton Growth Can Avoid Disappointment at Harvest Time in the Fall<!--[if !mso]>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></b></div>
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Drive around the cotton fields in the Valley and you will
notice each field looks a little different.</div>
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In some fields, the plants may have eight fruiting branches.
In others, the plants may be seem smaller with fewer fruiting branches.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Yes, every cotton field develops at a different rate. Field
scout Damien Jelen sees it every day ashe visits fields throughout the region.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For cotton growers, charting the progress of their plants is an
important practice that can make a difference in yield and profit.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
Cotton experts
encourage growers to do plant mapping, which serves a guide for evaluating the
crop’s health during the season. </div>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfn-3v3RvGpemizPAAYktUKAQu1V6HiXczNjDNfCVdIfqKb43lax6fvYjsA4zUCFt6LGUyojLvtcDSECg5S3g3G1f3Z8xWmVAlx7qCb3l1eH6tvofMTxNBDZaHxAbMF4LzG4eXFnRk_zM/s1600/MatureCoton+-+nodes+above+white+flower.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfn-3v3RvGpemizPAAYktUKAQu1V6HiXczNjDNfCVdIfqKb43lax6fvYjsA4zUCFt6LGUyojLvtcDSECg5S3g3G1f3Z8xWmVAlx7qCb3l1eH6tvofMTxNBDZaHxAbMF4LzG4eXFnRk_zM/s320/MatureCoton+-+nodes+above+white+flower.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Charting cotton plant's development can improve yield.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="background: white; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
Taking regular
measurements and comparing them to growth guidelines will let growers know how
the crop stands – whether it is doing well or under stress because of pests,
diseases or lack of water. By knowing the status, growers can take proactive
steps to add fertilizer or plant growth regulators, when to time pesticide or
herbicide applications, manage irrigation and identify fruiting problems.</div>
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<br /></div>
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At the moment, plants are around their 12th and 13th nodes,
according to Damien. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first bloom has
occurred in many fields. “The plants are about three feet tall,” he says. </div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQthtmS3OrBWCVebGOvcdHdD1KkG1FwbTWVytnrVwBrwr5iWwMccgONI6U5xyf79S22k_Tmrffz3yQg3dQtTimk5h-97hkOP1RCJYMHPU3EEYHt3-vLX1k8wdxJekz1KA-8KK-rDE8pzU/s1600/cottom+plant+mapping+chart.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="421" data-original-width="600" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQthtmS3OrBWCVebGOvcdHdD1KkG1FwbTWVytnrVwBrwr5iWwMccgONI6U5xyf79S22k_Tmrffz3yQg3dQtTimk5h-97hkOP1RCJYMHPU3EEYHt3-vLX1k8wdxJekz1KA-8KK-rDE8pzU/s320/cottom+plant+mapping+chart.gif" width="320" /></a>Plant monitoring during early squaring lets growers assess
plant vigor and square retention. They should measure for plant height, the
number of main stem nodes and the first position squares on the terminal five
fruiting branches. Generally, a square retention rate of 80 percent or higher
is ideal for going into bloom.</div>
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<br /></div>
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If retention drops, growers might opt to use growth
regulators to enhance development. They should check with their pest control
advisor or local University of California farm advisor before making any
application.</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="FLOWER"></a>Here’s one simple method to follow. The
cotton season can be divided into four management periods:</div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">From
plant emergence to square:</b> This is when you count plant stand and height
and the number of nodes. Walk around the field and check for drainage issues,
missing rows and pest damage. This information will help with replanting and
pest management decisions.</div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">From firstsquare to first
bloom</b>: In this stage, sample at least five plants in four different
sections of the field. Then collect information about plant height, the number
of nodes, fruiting branches and square retention. Also record fruit set and
growth. This information is important for crunching numbers and guiding
decisions on pest control and the possible use of growth regulators. For
example, square retention calculations can assist in developing pest management
strategies.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
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</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">From
first bloom to cut-out</b>: This is the time when the plant becomes larger. You
record plant height, number of nodes, nodes above first position white flower
and first position squares above the white flower and first position bolls
below white flower in the first or second position. This information indicates how
the crop is developing and provides insights about vegetative growth and boll
development as you approach cut-out – the final stage of plant growth before
the bolls open.</div>
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</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">From
Cut-out to defoliation:</b>Measure the plants for boll retention, boll regrowth
and boll opening. Noting nodes above cracked boll will help with the decision
about the timing of defoliation.</div>
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UC IPM offers a wealth of
information and tools for cotton growersthe site<a href="http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/r114900511.html">monitoring cotton plant
growth</a>.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9MOIACJerwhOkKq6dRxau99AK80RJhjApGJIEqFpqZtuLBcSaS4ff-nOfKkIpeWX30zgnGlor6tsjxcsr6QeMye3ZBu9anrAouZCkb58mKLJlB7NU_vSKOqWNWtyZO5cltkUfu9i1V-U/s1600/field+day+sign.jpg.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1064" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9MOIACJerwhOkKq6dRxau99AK80RJhjApGJIEqFpqZtuLBcSaS4ff-nOfKkIpeWX30zgnGlor6tsjxcsr6QeMye3ZBu9anrAouZCkb58mKLJlB7NU_vSKOqWNWtyZO5cltkUfu9i1V-U/s400/field+day+sign.jpg.JPG" width="265" /></a></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">FIELD DAYS</b>: <span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">A
trio of University of California extension and farm advisors willoffer tips and
provide the latest developments in cotton across in the San Joaquin Valley
during a field day tomorrow in Mendota. Open to all growers and pest control
advisors, the free event starts at 9:30a.m. atPik-A-Lok Farms on Bass Avenue in
Mendota. Featured speakers are:Dan Munk, UCCE Fresno County farm
advisor and cotton specialist, who will discuss monitoring cotton for improved
yield performance. </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">Bob Hutmacher, UCCE
extension specialist of the Westside Research and Extension Center, who will
provide an update cotton diseases and plant development issues. Jeff Mitchell, associate
vegetable crop specialist at the Kearney Ag Center, will talk about going
beyond the hype of soil health and doing someth</span></div>
<br />
ing about it. <br />
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<b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">On Tuesday, July 31: </span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">UC</span><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span></b><span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">extension
advisors and a county official will update farmers about the latest trends in
alfalfa field and pest management and pesticide regulations during a field day
in Firebaugh. The event will be from 10 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. at the
Firebaugh-Mendota United Methodist Church, 1660 O Street, Firebaugh. Featured
speakers are:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Lynn M. Sosnoskie, agronomy and weed science
advisor, for the University of California Cooperative Extension in Merced and
Madera counties, who will discuss weed control in alfalfa and the chemical,
cultural and biological factors that can affect success and failure.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Tom Casey, pest control operations official for
the Fresno County Agricultural Commissioner’s Office, who will cover current
pesticide use and regulations.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Nicolas Clark, agronomy and nutrient management
advisor at UCCE Kings, Tulare and Fresno counties, who will offer tips about
insect pest management in San Joaquin Valley alfalfa hay.</div>
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<span style="line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Continuing
education credits have been approved and include one hour of regulations. The
two field days are sponsored by the San Joaquin Sustainable Farming Project,
which provides farmers with valuable strategies to improve yields while
becoming better environmental stewards in today’s challenging economic and
regulatory climate. For more information about the field days, contact Project
Director Marcia Gibbs at (530) 370-5325.</span></div>
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Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-31489841048045670932018-07-16T18:58:00.000-07:002018-07-16T18:58:52.967-07:00Hot, Humid Weather Worrisome for Almond Growers<!--[if !mso]>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></i></b></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Bing…
A short text message arrived on field scout Jenna Mayfield’s cell phone, reading
“Hulls stopped splitting!”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
almond grower’s text was rather tongue-and-check, yet insightful at the same time.
It appeared a build-up of hot, humid weather over the several days last week
seem to slow hull split in his orchard.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Adding to
grower anxiety, a few summer showers fell in parts of the Valley last Thursday
night, cranking up humility levels as the daily high temperature reached the 100s.
“We usually get this kind of humidity in September. To have it in July is
definitely not normal.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidrN5ySZswJoRuJ3TDfdBMCmEkFu6jo0nLdzo-m7Ktomz4GKuj19RmIMOUBCLCe-eoKn4YSi5Ydk5t9YoRNXlmlt300bfG3oAexKk90UzT7a9N1JjdF8hteSDDR0I2-IcKmSfqV_v-wPQ/s1600/almond+orchard+rain+clouds.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidrN5ySZswJoRuJ3TDfdBMCmEkFu6jo0nLdzo-m7Ktomz4GKuj19RmIMOUBCLCe-eoKn4YSi5Ydk5t9YoRNXlmlt300bfG3oAexKk90UzT7a9N1JjdF8hteSDDR0I2-IcKmSfqV_v-wPQ/s320/almond+orchard+rain+clouds.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Humid weather and sprinkles worried growers.</td></tr>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Weather
experts blamed monsoon moisture coming from the Arizona area for bringing the
Hawaii-like humidity to the Valley and Northern California.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yes, it was unusual to see lots of clouds in
the sky on Friday and a higher-than-normal humidity during the mid-afternoon.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“Almonds
grow best when we have super dry climate,” Jenna points out. “If the humidity
continues it could be a problem. It may slow hull split.” But forecasters say
continued triple-digit temperatures and drier afternoons are on tap this week,
easing the minds of many almond growers.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Still,
Jenna says some growers are hedging their bets and adding fungicides to their
hull split sprays for navel orangeworm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Growers already were adding miticides to their hull split sprays.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-no-proof: yes;">Yes</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">
humidity in orchards can lead to foliar diseases such as </span>alternaria leaf
spot. The symptoms are large brown leaf spots that turn black as the fungus
spreads on the leaf surface. The leaf spots develop quickly in July and
potentially can cause defoliation. </div>
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<br /></div>
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Orchard humidity also can trigger rust and
scab, which is a relative of alertnaria. These two diseases also can cause
defoliation and weaken trees, impacting future almond production.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzsBaZ4x_oyKXpYDtGAx22gEn4HB-4G4D5wBd9XM2kqJ69b6CY3ZfZc9ps4ZU909U6z16YY-3WdvZKuc1FLy72vOuDoX0WvEw8dreASpMuH4_uWr1eA8KgW_7Kk0lt9J8fdl3ESonDY_w/s1600/alternaria+on+almond+leaf.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="313" data-original-width="479" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzsBaZ4x_oyKXpYDtGAx22gEn4HB-4G4D5wBd9XM2kqJ69b6CY3ZfZc9ps4ZU909U6z16YY-3WdvZKuc1FLy72vOuDoX0WvEw8dreASpMuH4_uWr1eA8KgW_7Kk0lt9J8fdl3ESonDY_w/s320/alternaria+on+almond+leaf.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Humidity can trigger alternaria leaf spot. (UC IPM photo)</td></tr>
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Meanwhile, field scout Damien Jelen says bug pressure has dropped in
cotton, which is good news after a recent uptick in crop-threatening lygus
bugs. During his field visits, Damien snared an average of one to two lygus for
every 50 passes of his sweep net. The results about normal for lygus this time
of year.</div>
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<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxe80W5Suc5OCc9PpVKCUce2ne2vbu5RVbhUr-nbVbjptaw4dV1nYP0dalJcRKBo0cTWDuNpJ549YndOgsmx113Sph8i-oYfAaV-C0FOk7jGDnzVooQ-LjkWeoOjxx0bQ6oJ_kJnec79U/s1600/Housley+alfalfa+strip+near+cotton+July+2014f.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgxe80W5Suc5OCc9PpVKCUce2ne2vbu5RVbhUr-nbVbjptaw4dV1nYP0dalJcRKBo0cTWDuNpJ549YndOgsmx113Sph8i-oYfAaV-C0FOk7jGDnzVooQ-LjkWeoOjxx0bQ6oJ_kJnec79U/s320/Housley+alfalfa+strip+near+cotton+July+2014f.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Growers are leaving uncut strips of alfalfa near cotton fields.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Damien says alfalfa growers with fields near cotton have
been doing a good job leaving uncut strips of alfalfa during recent cuttings.
These strips create habitats for lygus to stay in alfalfa during harvest rather
than migrate to cotton.</div>
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</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The worm counts are high in alfalfa. But growers appear to
be holding off treatment, reasoning the worms issue dissipates after each cutting.
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Damien advises growers to remain
vigilant about pest issues in alfalfa.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-73229668065246610622018-07-09T14:44:00.000-07:002018-07-09T14:44:20.986-07:00Splitting Hulls Can Create Opening for Pests to Threaten Almonds Before the Harvest<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">You might say almonds are in the backstretch
before harvest.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Field scout Jenna Mayfield reports almond
hulls are starting to pull apart, signaling the first shaking of nuts off the
trees is about a month or so away.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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As the hull starts to split open, the shell is the only
protection from pests trying to eat the almonds. <span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“A lot growers are
getting ready to do their hull split sprays,” Jenna says. That means some
anxious days are ahead as growers do their calculations to determine the timing
of their sprays to protect their crops from a second generation of navel
orangeworm (NOW) egg laying.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Initial separation stage of the hull. (UC IPM photos)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Another top concern is spider mites. “They can flare up anytime,” Jenna
says. While mites haven’t been a major issue right now, many growers are likely
to hedge their bets and add miticides to their hull split spray so they can
save money by avoiding a separate application.<br />
<br />
Protecting the nut crop from NOW is critical at hull split, and the
first spray should be made at or before 1 percent hull split.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl1-EX0E1AIHqX7uZcrAoNnYZBTuPRqt_A5uay9DDS84y5fzmpuIbMSWdObQPldaFPWDPN4yrRDClOQMoAq9g1uMEquwUoEx_SNRfMFP8sTG2a4CHIQmMmDMZrW3sy2E9sMrBS24hyOeY/s1600/almond+hull+split+-+less+than+3-8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="477" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl1-EX0E1AIHqX7uZcrAoNnYZBTuPRqt_A5uay9DDS84y5fzmpuIbMSWdObQPldaFPWDPN4yrRDClOQMoAq9g1uMEquwUoEx_SNRfMFP8sTG2a4CHIQmMmDMZrW3sy2E9sMrBS24hyOeY/s320/almond+hull+split+-+less+than+3-8.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The hull is split less than three-eighths of an inch wide.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Here’s what UC IPM says about hull split treatment: Time the spray to
the beginning of hull split “if eggs are being laid on egg traps; otherwise
time it to an increase in egg-laying on traps or the predicted initiation of
egg-laying following hull split. Hull split is determined to begin when sound
fruit in the tops of the trees begin to split.”<br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyn0JtvEXQesxq35zfDUaY4LSkFl_XvAqP1avH-F70sgySwa-O9jg3MEcZfr372uuZKAKzYShqt3kuuxT0W4W2XdNUDxjp7xzyDItj50M87T6f_P5oVGldS7_oB59S4dPIo4iVhqx7yrU/s1600/almond+hull+split+-+initial+drying.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="441" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyn0JtvEXQesxq35zfDUaY4LSkFl_XvAqP1avH-F70sgySwa-O9jg3MEcZfr372uuZKAKzYShqt3kuuxT0W4W2XdNUDxjp7xzyDItj50M87T6f_P5oVGldS7_oB59S4dPIo4iVhqx7yrU/s320/almond+hull+split+-+initial+drying.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Initial drying of the hull.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
“At this time, the nuts at eye level will be less mature than those at the
top and have only a deep furrow in the hulls. Nuts in the top southwest
quadrant of the tree split first. Blank nuts (usually 3 to 5 percent) will
split one to two weeks ahead of sound nuts. Use a long-extension pole pruner to
cut small branches from the top portion of five or six trees in the orchard to
check whether hull split nuts are blank or sound.”<br />
<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">In this photo, the hull is completed dried out.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
“Check for eggs on egg traps. If hull split has begun, but eggs are not
being laid, wait until egg-laying starts. After hull split begins, egg-laying
on traps may decrease due to competition of the traps with the new crop nuts.
Therefore, if you do not see eggs on traps, use degree-days and apply a
treatment at 1,200 degree-days from spring biofix,” UC IPM says.<br />
<br />
Jenna says one grower is planning to do his hull split spraying this
week. Others should follow suit this month. The first shaking will come a
couple weeks after hull split application.<br />
<br />
“We should see the first harvesting at the end of July or early August,”
Jenna says. <span style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"><br /></span><br />
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">While growers are figuring out their hull
split spraying schedule, they also are making sure the orchard floors are clear
of leaves and debris ahead of shaking. They are a making sure ants are taken
care of before harvest.</span></div>
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Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-48184152992930778742018-07-02T19:46:00.000-07:002018-07-02T19:46:22.098-07:00Patience, Second Look Pays Off for the Pocketbook and Environment in the Valley<!--[if !mso]>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
pest numbers were up. The grower was worried.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">His
dilemma at this crucial stage in the development of his cotton plants: </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Should
he move ahead and treat his field with pesticides to control the potentially
crop-damaging bugs? Or should he wait a bit longer, hope the pests go away and
avoid treating the field – a move that could risk a population explosion that
ultimately could damage his yield at harvest.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi83WL1f4aixt-dX8ymsRzLaDGFfQGRWmzP42cWnWKGmCpfYngijIkqQlrwtDTIuEhuYpMhBgA36zcbcjlCUP0xQytcMM9sMc7_EqLHK2fIiTxFSRYNpQrwuiWcLvlFzkoqlOfOedwIeyA/s1600/Cotton+field+spraying+-+Copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi83WL1f4aixt-dX8ymsRzLaDGFfQGRWmzP42cWnWKGmCpfYngijIkqQlrwtDTIuEhuYpMhBgA36zcbcjlCUP0xQytcMM9sMc7_EqLHK2fIiTxFSRYNpQrwuiWcLvlFzkoqlOfOedwIeyA/s320/Cotton+field+spraying+-+Copy.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Growers weigh decisions on treating their field for pests.</td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">This
is real life drama in the Valley – no mocked up reality TV show. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> What should
he do?</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">First,
let’s set up the situation. Earlier pest monitoring reports indicated a higher
than desired count for lygus bugs populating his field. Lygus, as many cotton
growers know, can cause big-time damage to developing cotton bolls.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“He
wanted to spray for the pests,” field scout Damien Jelen says.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">But
before making that final decision, the grower and Damien rendezvoused at the
field. Damien pulled out his trusty sweep net and canvassed the field.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Sweep.
Sweep. Sweep….</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“I
found one count,” Damien recalled. Translated: Out of 50 passes of his sweep
net, Damien snared only one lygus bug – way below the numbers from previous
field visits and well below the threshold UC Integrated Pest Management
recommends for treating for lygus in cotton.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">The
decision: Hold off spraying.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Yes,
patience does pay off. And having Damien provide another set of eyes to
supplement monitoring by the grower’s pest control adviser can certainly yield
dividends. As in this case, it can avoid an expensive pesticide treatment while
keeping chemicals out of the environment.</span></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimMt3PRyfSDtOOKwNGp56rS3O5WLiBZjFdyPLdxWmz7bQvS9g1qbfn34oKfvabSV9WhMgvi6eA7NoEJANV30Hq35nslMQH_vdbLvMQ9VGAiENCntK2TjhIZn34QRkYFnXaupB7t9monFA/s1600/sweep+net.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="193" data-original-width="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimMt3PRyfSDtOOKwNGp56rS3O5WLiBZjFdyPLdxWmz7bQvS9g1qbfn34oKfvabSV9WhMgvi6eA7NoEJANV30Hq35nslMQH_vdbLvMQ9VGAiENCntK2TjhIZn34QRkYFnXaupB7t9monFA/s1600/sweep+net.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sweep nets will catch pests populating a field.</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">For field scouts like Damien, the key tool of his field
scouting practice is no fancy high-tech gadget. It’s a sweep net – akin to a
heavy-duty, oversized butterfly net.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Using it in the field to collect pest
samples takes practice to ensure results from different practitioners produce
comparable results.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">In cotton, for example, sampling for lygus starts when the
cotton plant develops its first square. Samples should be taken twice a week. UC
IPM recommends sampling each quarter of a field and taking even more samples in
fields larger than 8 acres. Do 50 sweeps across one row of cotton to sample for
lygus, making sure the sweeps don’t overlap. Lygus monitoring can end when
acala </span>
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">plants
have 5 nodes above white flower and Pima has 3.5.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWS8p2_J0r_knIJ5rl82wN7HCnpE1t0QHvk4d1c2RWU4Aup0F-rr8YWwO3uSjL3ueGv6LmbimjeAsf61R3ES_dF6akZvG0QQ6nGpdKlpygULpKWcV5TejWsKbRhoDyXBHtBxWj2EcOwxc/s1600/sweeping+illustration.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="554" data-original-width="300" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWS8p2_J0r_knIJ5rl82wN7HCnpE1t0QHvk4d1c2RWU4Aup0F-rr8YWwO3uSjL3ueGv6LmbimjeAsf61R3ES_dF6akZvG0QQ6nGpdKlpygULpKWcV5TejWsKbRhoDyXBHtBxWj2EcOwxc/s320/sweeping+illustration.jpg" width="173" /></a><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">It’s common for people to sweep from
right to left and then step forward and sweep again left to right. After 5
sweeps, you pull the net through the air to push the bugs into the bottom of
the net bag. UC IPM recommends taking a sample in four different spots in a
field.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">If it’s hard to count the bugs while in
the field, place the insects in a bag and cool the contents to slow done pest
movement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>UC IPM <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>provides
information about treatment thresholds for various pests.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">While
lygus counts jumped up as the early summer heat took hold, Damien says the
numbers leveled out in the past week. So far, Damien hasn’t seen many signs of
a large number of damaged cotton squares on the ground.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Of
course, there are still some four months – and a long summer – left until the
harvest. You can be sure Damien and growers will remain vigilant until then.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-55521229080405168062018-06-25T13:13:00.000-07:002018-06-25T13:13:34.078-07:00Lygus Sweeping into Cotton while Mites Hitting Almonds<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Symbol;">The
uber-hot weather greeting the start of summer in the Valley is triggering a big
uptick in lygus bugs populating cotton fields.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Symbol;">Field
scout Damien Jelen is snaring four to five lygus for every 50 passes of his is
sweep net. In one field, he recorded eight pests per 50 sweeps. In comparison,
the count was one to two lygus bugs the previous week, which is about normal
for this time of year.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Symbol;">“The lygus
numbers are up. Growers are monitoring it. They do not want it to go on too
long,” Damien says.“The hot weather is contributing to the increase.”The
triple-digit temperatures along with harvesting of nearby alfalfa fields have
combined to boost the lygus numbers in cotton.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFvw_pRvfkCqRZbmisinadfLM3ONr6KpZi7FujzwXOcSixOmnV1hQK2DpqQih8mEx_L23qioAjWhAxEWhqKzHWcsL8iUPxbeSPnJ2zXMF2mK69JHWc40JkjcRWw4XOvr0nMkZ9ij0b6NY/s1600/sweeping+cotton.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="509" data-original-width="350" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFvw_pRvfkCqRZbmisinadfLM3ONr6KpZi7FujzwXOcSixOmnV1hQK2DpqQih8mEx_L23qioAjWhAxEWhqKzHWcsL8iUPxbeSPnJ2zXMF2mK69JHWc40JkjcRWw4XOvr0nMkZ9ij0b6NY/s400/sweeping+cotton.jpeg" width="275" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sweep nets snaring lygus bugs in cotton.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Symbol;">Here is
the lygus threshold from UC Integrated Pest Management:</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>June 15-June 30: <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>more than two lygus bugs per 50 sweeps </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">·</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mid-Squaring (1st flower - 1st mature boll,
beginning of July): <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>seven-10 lygus bugs
(at least one nymph) per 50 sweeps and expected or better fruit retention. If
retention is higher than expected you may be able to wait and monitor again
that week before making a treatment decision. If retention is lower than
expected and lygus bugs are present, consider treating. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "symbol"; line-height: 115%;">·</span><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Late Squaring (after 1st mature boll): 10 lygus bugs/50 sweeps,
including the presence of nymphs</span></div>
“The above thresholds are guidelines to be used with square
monitoring, depending on the particular weather patterns. For example, during
warm springs they are very reasonable, because cotton is setting fruit early
and has high retention potential.<br />
<br />
Moreover, UC IPM adds: “In contrast, late plantings, vigorous cotton, and
high plant populations promote lower fruit retention and therefore thresholds
will be lower. Additionally, duration of fruit retention may vary according to
the cotton cultivar present in the field. The longer the fruit is retained, the
longer it will be attractive to lygus bug populations. Finally, success in
retaining early squares will greatly determine the final yield; therefore
protecting cotton during the early square formation period (June) is critical.
Protection during the early season is very complex. Factors such as low lygus
bug numbers, high susceptibility of cotton, and variability in sampling require
the grower to be extremely vigilant and ready to act at an instant.”<br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN8YxQaa8z5hF_jrdBlM7zwrzDJTMmq7hLiwqL0-GcdyiRtAkySh7PFM2A-zinsJfjBMd7QH_gXp5lV8IGdGhqnH5FrIY5Y6jZCIpakqnPWtLQfbl40NIc5NTyg9bVis5HHT3rk9GpeTA/s1600/lygus+in+cotton.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="423" data-original-width="500" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiN8YxQaa8z5hF_jrdBlM7zwrzDJTMmq7hLiwqL0-GcdyiRtAkySh7PFM2A-zinsJfjBMd7QH_gXp5lV8IGdGhqnH5FrIY5Y6jZCIpakqnPWtLQfbl40NIc5NTyg9bVis5HHT3rk9GpeTA/s320/lygus+in+cotton.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lygus numbers have increased in cotton fields.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Damien is passing along his findings to growers, who will compare those
numbers to the counts from their pest control advisers. It’s good to have a second
pair of eyes monitoring the fields.<br />
<br />
“If there is a spike by the end of the week, growers may order spraying,”
Damien <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="mso-comment-date: 20180623T1800; mso-comment-reference: MG_1;">says</a><span class="MsoCommentReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><a class="msocomanchor" href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=4464021838405641690#_msocom_1" id="_anchor_1" name="_msoanchor_1"></a></span></span>.
Growers should look at using reduced-risk materials.<br />
<br />
There are two options for <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">spray timing
- during early fruiting<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>when monitoring
indicates lygus densities are low and square retention is only slightly off (5
percent), re-inspect the field again in three days if square retention
continues to be slightly off normal. Use product that preserves natural
enemies. When population densities of lygus are high and potential for repeated
and sustained invasion, may needed quicker acting.</span><br />
<br />
Here are some chemical options: There is some r<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">esistance to organophosphate, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>Suggested chemicals to use are Carbine, Belay,Steward,
Diamond, Brigade, Baythroid or Warrior.</span><br />
<br />
Damien reminds growers with
alfalfa fields adjacent to their cotton to leave uncut strips of alfalfa during
harvest. This will provide a habitat for lygus – which prefer to live in
alfalfa than cotton – when the alfalfa is cut.<br />
<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Almond growers are concerned about mites in their orchards.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Meanwhile, the heat also is causing a spike in mites in almond
orchards. “Growers have been spraying the edges of the orchards to control
mites,” field scout Jenna Mayfield says. “Mites are pretty much the pest issue
right now.”<br />
<br />
UC IPM notes that “mites damage foliage by sucking cell contents from
leaves. The damage begins with leaf stippling. Leaves can turn yellow and drop
off. High numbers of mites cover tree terminals with webbing. Crop reduction
and reduced vegetative tree growth shows up the year after damage occurs.” <br />
Jenna says almond hulls are starting to split in most orchards. “If growers
have not done their hull split spray yet, it’s on their agenda.” <br />
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Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-44250915665893132842018-06-14T21:09:00.001-07:002018-06-14T21:09:50.965-07:00Alfalfa Growers Can Make the Cut as Good Neighbors to Valley Cotton Farmers<!--[if !mso]>
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American author Emily Post espoused about the importance of proper
etiquette during the 20<sup>th</sup> century. These words certainly ring true
in farm country: “To do exactly as your neighbors do is the only sensible
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In our last post, we reported field scout Damien Jelen
started to find lygus bugs in cotton fields, a habitat that these pests don’t find
attractive. However, lygus do love to live in nearby alfalfa fields. But
alfalfa harvesting drove them out to find a new landing spot in adjacent cotton
fields, which are starting to develop their buds.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtcN53T1JDc8ryhzheOHOTNOsUULmpyMLnlQe7mCOcTxgY1FgeIz44a5fncNLA-ky8vQ-iWET8NgPWTzpTK_tE3pn_xTSUUEqPv4MXxn60zwnUTAgptGShDiqEeQRZR5j-0e09UYSVYug/s1600/Martin+alfalfa+being+cut+June+2015a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1600" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtcN53T1JDc8ryhzheOHOTNOsUULmpyMLnlQe7mCOcTxgY1FgeIz44a5fncNLA-ky8vQ-iWET8NgPWTzpTK_tE3pn_xTSUUEqPv4MXxn60zwnUTAgptGShDiqEeQRZR5j-0e09UYSVYug/s320/Martin+alfalfa+being+cut+June+2015a.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Harvesting alfalfa will disturb the habitat for lygus bugs.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Damien said he hadn’t
seen growers leaving uncut strips of alfalfa as a habitat for lygus. This
practice is a neighborly thing to do to keep this pest from threatening the
developing cotton squares.<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
Alfalfa is harvested many times during the season – on average about
once a month. That means lygus can be on the move roughly every 30 days.<br />
<br />
By leaving uncut <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a>strips of alfalfa during harvest,
lygus will flock to this habitat and stay there until the next irrigation
cycle. The bugs will then go back to the larger alfalfa field as the plants
start growing again.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFD89YqJbJGf1bkOBTD5HkL_7XTLJT_U_dXWZuAeQQSU3Jxd8nh0EMg95zqtTKVFYFDrTdn5Tt8T54C6K_J1satBUp6ZoX6ctJEXaZqcIHK8LlZwvT9TaIVRSb5s36qZs9TXEAEfuEpcw/s1600/Alfalfa+strip+cut.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFD89YqJbJGf1bkOBTD5HkL_7XTLJT_U_dXWZuAeQQSU3Jxd8nh0EMg95zqtTKVFYFDrTdn5Tt8T54C6K_J1satBUp6ZoX6ctJEXaZqcIHK8LlZwvT9TaIVRSb5s36qZs9TXEAEfuEpcw/s320/Alfalfa+strip+cut.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A grower leaves uncut strip of alfalfa grown adjacent to cotton.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
UC Integrated Pest Management advisers say leaving uncut strips is vital
from June to July because that time period is a crucial stage for cotton
development.<br />
<br />
Here are strip-cutting tips from<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> UC
IPM: </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>
Leave a 10- to 14-foot wide uncut strip adjacent to every other
irrigation border (or levee). At the subsequent harvest, these strips are cut
with half of the alfalfa strip going into one windrow and the other half going
into a second windrow to give a 50:50 blend of new and old hay. These windrows
are then each combined with a windrow of newly cut (100 percent new) alfalfa
making a blend of 25 percent old hay and 75 percent new hay. This technique
minimizes quality problems from the older hay. Specific blends of old and new
hay have been found not to significantly impact forage quality compared to 100
percent new growth alfalfa in most cases.</li>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>At the
following cutting, uncut strips are left adjacent to the alternate irrigation
borders. As an alternative, uncut strips of alfalfa may be left adjacent to the
crop to be protected, such as cotton or dry beans. </li>
</ul>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">This practice should be followed for
alfalfa fields that are within a two mile radius of a cotton field. Lygus bugs
can easily go that far after their habitat is disrupted.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-36013547024634690562018-06-11T20:16:00.000-07:002018-06-11T20:16:20.576-07:00The Heat is on to Monitor for Lygus in Valley Cotton Fields<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">With more hot weather predicted in the
Valley this week, it’s a sure bet that cotton plants will flourish. And so will
the bugs.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“Cotton likes hot weather. I wouldn’t
be surprised if cotton plants grow three inches in a week,” field scout Damien
Jelen says, noting the return of triple digit temperatures over the next few
days in the Valley. Last week, the Valley recorded two days of 100-degree
spring weather. Forecasters are predicting more sizzling weather Tuesday and
Wednesday – good cotton growing weather you might say.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVqa9rwkfsH9K1fcD32rnYUZ0OQddkik-Ixhfjm0X_5wXUOu56AJ7Y9mLgo7wmjhPWkdk2bx2qnLC5L7LBojmk5EDFy_m7fuyEypH8XF65tX4ItIz96xzVnFQHo3loyaKBfaLF1nCGBk8/s1600/lygus+square+damage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="450" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVqa9rwkfsH9K1fcD32rnYUZ0OQddkik-Ixhfjm0X_5wXUOu56AJ7Y9mLgo7wmjhPWkdk2bx2qnLC5L7LBojmk5EDFy_m7fuyEypH8XF65tX4ItIz96xzVnFQHo3loyaKBfaLF1nCGBk8/s320/lygus+square+damage.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A cotton square is damaged by lygus bugs.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Of course, there’s a flip side to the
pre-summer heat and it’s lurking in the hay ready to explode in numbers. That’s
lygus bugs.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“I’m starting to see lygus in cotton,” Damien says. His
observation raises the red flag because cotton is in the vulnerable time of
development – the early squaring period. The square is part of the developing
cotton plant and becomes<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a> the flower that eventually turns
into cotton.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Lygus can threaten cotton until the
final boll set in the summer. The pest pierces the square and damages the
tissue. Smaller squares can shrivel and drop from the plant. Larger ones may
not fertilize. If too many squares drop, the cotton plant may experience too
much vegetative growth, resulting in tall, spindly plants and reduce yields,
according to UC Integrated Pest Management.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Lygus populations will increase
steadily through the end of this month.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>To monitor the pest in cotton, Damien and other scouts will take a sweep
net and canvass the field. The thresholds for growers to consider treatment are
low this time of year – one bug for every 50 passes of the sweep net through
mid-June and two per 50 from June 15 to 30, UC IPM says. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcLKgVahkTlvs-Tuti8Afrj48siohcBKLwVa-egVzN1yopPM4M1pJT9kvjc9d0wFoFnna_nCoFRwhwFqAfsgNHYQMGbQrS9wIFqEIiDZ0hGX0xPP-_z89qjMvVwUPBsiPjiSwuqzbnvEw/s1600/lygus+in+alfalfa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="607" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcLKgVahkTlvs-Tuti8Afrj48siohcBKLwVa-egVzN1yopPM4M1pJT9kvjc9d0wFoFnna_nCoFRwhwFqAfsgNHYQMGbQrS9wIFqEIiDZ0hGX0xPP-_z89qjMvVwUPBsiPjiSwuqzbnvEw/s320/lygus+in+alfalfa.jpg" width="316" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Lygus bugs prefer to live in alfalfa fields rather than in cotton.</td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Cotton isn’t the first choice as a home for lygus. The bug
actually prefers to live in crops such as alfalfa, safflower, beans, potatoes
and tomatoes. “</span>As these crops are prepared for harvest, winged adults
migrate out of the field in search of new hosts. Careful management of these
crops can reduce the migration of lygus bugs into cotton fields during cotton's
most vulnerable period: mid-May through late July. Watch closely cotton fields
that are downwind from these crops by sampling the cotton and surrounding
fields often,” UC IPM says.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Around the Valley, it’s common to find alfalfa growing close
to cotton fields.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Moreover, alfalfa is
harvested almost monthly, meaning lygus populations will flock to find new
homes in nearby cotton fields.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
One way to keep lygus in alfalfa is to leave small sections
of the field uncut during harvest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This
will leave a habitat for lygus and keep the pest from migrating into
neighboring cotton fields. We’ll talk more about this practice in the future.</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
“I haven’t seen much strip cutting so far,” Damien says.
With more high temperatures coming up, “I’m going to get high lygus counts.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-13998340709092430522018-06-04T19:54:00.001-07:002018-06-04T19:54:08.563-07:00These Bugs Benefit Cotton Growers and the Environment<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> For the first time this season, field scout Damien Jelen
took his pest-catching sweep net to the fledgling cotton fields across the
Valley.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Sweep, sweep, sweep … he went snagging
whatever bugs were hovering around the cotton plants, which have reached the
third true leaf stage in development.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(After
the cotton seed is planted, cotyledons form and poke through the soil surface. A
bud above the cotyledons will enlarge and serve as the foundation for the true
leaves and branches to develop.)</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIoV2WGRKWTfQPx1aU2R0plpRg6w5aczGuiy1wELODeJZxsBsRQnRcF74-qcmb45gD2w1COpViUKx_rKCFPB2BEVSlL9MtlCdpeFtJyzsEYuVgeByp-BFSuEy1htymrciw4M86mChIGBM/s1600/1st+true+leaf+illustration.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="479" data-original-width="638" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgIoV2WGRKWTfQPx1aU2R0plpRg6w5aczGuiy1wELODeJZxsBsRQnRcF74-qcmb45gD2w1COpViUKx_rKCFPB2BEVSlL9MtlCdpeFtJyzsEYuVgeByp-BFSuEy1htymrciw4M86mChIGBM/s320/1st+true+leaf+illustration.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Well, Damien caught plenty of
bugs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The good news, he reports, is his
catch werebeneficial insects – the good bugs that gobble up the bad bugs that
can damage the crop.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">“I caught a lot of beneficials,” Damien said, noting most of
the good insects have been big-eyed bugs. “The bug pressure is low because the
weather is not super hot yet.”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Researchers say some 50 bugs are
potential crop-damaging pests in cotton. Aphids, whiteflies and spider mites
are common pests that can be controlled by beneficial insects. An unsprayed
cotton field can host several million beneficials per acre, according to one
report.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpRBccQ7ehHuxJ79C-0z597po97kOypkBhPVt4-Hef4DETA5N7R0DtLiKSKbVxL7URyXl3_XXa2g2RZwT_rPUjkN-8jT86rqNrjkAtiq9HMjrZ7ABjY56V4mEy-Wfn-3FwQd4Djj0uWMk/s1600/aphids+on+cotton+leaf.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="212" data-original-width="325" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpRBccQ7ehHuxJ79C-0z597po97kOypkBhPVt4-Hef4DETA5N7R0DtLiKSKbVxL7URyXl3_XXa2g2RZwT_rPUjkN-8jT86rqNrjkAtiq9HMjrZ7ABjY56V4mEy-Wfn-3FwQd4Djj0uWMk/s320/aphids+on+cotton+leaf.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Aphids populate a cotton plant leaf.</td></tr>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">You can call beneficial insects the farmer’s best ally. They
are a free source of natural pest control, meaning growers can save money while
protecting our land, water and soil from pesticides.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It’s called biological control – using
nature’s good bugs to manage bad bugs in the field and orchards.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Who are these unsung heroes? </span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><br /><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Here are a few of the common good bugs:
green and brown lacewings, minute pirate bugs, lady beetles, assassin bugs,
six-spotted thrips and parasitic wasps. Three cheers to these beneficials.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8Nk9af_pgLM8G3Ni7om236x93AJXksQEI2gFRoO4G4jzQ7UsLmzzlLWnGL-GDFdO1E79gudwmYPeskWSmu548L6kfojbViFjVdXX_ger1gFpAMCvOc2jh-IPvHxkb9Lgt38HOoGKHATQ/s1600/minute+pirate+bug.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="425" data-original-width="640" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8Nk9af_pgLM8G3Ni7om236x93AJXksQEI2gFRoO4G4jzQ7UsLmzzlLWnGL-GDFdO1E79gudwmYPeskWSmu548L6kfojbViFjVdXX_ger1gFpAMCvOc2jh-IPvHxkb9Lgt38HOoGKHATQ/s320/minute+pirate+bug.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A minute pirate bug gobbles up an aphid.</td></tr>
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<span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;">Meanwhile, Damien reports alfalfa
growers are preparing for their second cutting of the season. (A few early
birds are getting ready for the third harvest.) He says pest pressure is low in
alfalfa as well.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a></span></div>
<br /><span style="line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"></span>Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4464021838405641690.post-27455278127182318582018-05-28T07:30:00.000-07:002018-05-28T07:30:21.867-07:00Remembering to Do Spring Chores before the Summer Solstice Arrives in the Valley<!--[if !mso]>
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Memorial Day signals a time for us to remember our fallen
heroes. It also represents the unofficial start of the summer vacation season.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT1intW-5djBTSzygE8E5SeKFW1IRFsQpmDeBaWQpKYNMJr4WHf7m-TV_YoyQtIln40sPHIgz315hsY1RvOdSAsAdNyGrf0syzDlhrp0LItrpSsqBWKuTfkEddGfZ4lyEZ6GaNl8dBThA/s1600/memorial+day+image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="170" data-original-width="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiT1intW-5djBTSzygE8E5SeKFW1IRFsQpmDeBaWQpKYNMJr4WHf7m-TV_YoyQtIln40sPHIgz315hsY1RvOdSAsAdNyGrf0syzDlhrp0LItrpSsqBWKuTfkEddGfZ4lyEZ6GaNl8dBThA/s1600/memorial+day+image.jpg" /></a>Of course, we still have a few weeks of spring left before
the arrival of the summer solstice. For growers, that means wrapping up spring
chores before the hot days of summer. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Field scout Jenna
Mayfield points out that pest monitoring will make the spring-to-summer transition
too. For example, the bug du jour moves from peach twig borer to navel
orangeworm and mites. Jenna says the cool weather, including a little rain last
Friday, kept springtime pests in check over the past week. “They don’t move
well in the rain.”</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXJjvS-vvkBwBjoqykgQl6ksGq2Y7ByluE9XMi9yjNmvaTUvGsHH89sJIvRBnbvI9IIhyphenhyphenXh74G3AiOY8kOZUXgPqceJrhh8gKMkyu9kHh2o-n_EZxC3D4Fn6RJRa27M-yWrbzZ_heYhOg/s1600/san+jose+scale+on+branch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="134" data-original-width="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXJjvS-vvkBwBjoqykgQl6ksGq2Y7ByluE9XMi9yjNmvaTUvGsHH89sJIvRBnbvI9IIhyphenhyphenXh74G3AiOY8kOZUXgPqceJrhh8gKMkyu9kHh2o-n_EZxC3D4Fn6RJRa27M-yWrbzZ_heYhOg/s1600/san+jose+scale+on+branch.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Scale on a branch. (UC IPM photo)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Jenna points out the rain drops shouldn’t cause alarm for
almond growers – although those who also farm field crops such as tomatoes are
worried about mold. Still Jenna says growers need to keep an eye out for
diseases such as scale, which form grayish black spots on leaves, fruit and
twigs. Wind or rain will spread the spores of the fungus. Bad cases of scab
infection can cause defoliation.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
To get through the spring, UC Integrated Pest Management
recommends almond growers:</div>
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span>Continue monitoring for San Jose scale, navel
orangeworm eggs, ant mounds and spider mites.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Watch for
diseases, including alternaria leaf spot, bacterial spot, hull rot, rust
and shot hole.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Assess for
weeds.</li>
</ul>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKjKHneBg98WM9TchLUkOI10HohshIScfB3vVNCyuTbKkhG1ND-XsXLOaQTLcbbQfdrbjIAyp5OuQ-81Ywy-B-6LPO5mVayb2Z_SxzvTI9myDm-cXXPAH_VCTVPMz7oNtsWKKgzwxhBMM/s1600/magnifier+lens.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKjKHneBg98WM9TchLUkOI10HohshIScfB3vVNCyuTbKkhG1ND-XsXLOaQTLcbbQfdrbjIAyp5OuQ-81Ywy-B-6LPO5mVayb2Z_SxzvTI9myDm-cXXPAH_VCTVPMz7oNtsWKKgzwxhBMM/s320/magnifier+lens.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Use a hand lends to inspect first true leaves in cotton.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Cotton</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="y0nh2b">While almonds had a head start for the growing season, cotton
plants are young and developing as the crop moves into its third month of the
season. UC IPM says growers should start sampling for aphids, spider mites and
thrips as soon as the plants emerge from the ground.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span class="y0nh2b">Here’s what to do:</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Sample
once or twice a week.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Walk down
rows in four quadrants of the field.</li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;">Use a hand
lens to examine the first true leaves or cotyledons of random plants
looking for damage and insects and mites. </li>
</ul>
<h4>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="TREATMENT"></a><span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">In general, treating for thrips is only done if plants are showing poor
growth. Mites need to be taken care of before defoliation and when the numbers
are<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a> high. You treat for aphids if high populations
continue for a week or more.</span></h4>
<h4>
Alfalfa</h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Growers are
preparing for the second harvest, or cutting, of the year. Growers monitor for
weevils, cutworms and aphids and their natural enemies. UC IPM says thrips
aren’t threat to alfalfa and don’t need to be treated with chemical
applications.</span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h4>
<h4>
<span style="font-weight: normal; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;"> </span></h4>
Sustainable Farming Field Scoutinghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02749023030130977985noreply@blogger.com0